{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:47:26Z","timestamp":1792424846433,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The growing prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders highlights the need for transdiagnostic prevention through innovative interventions that outperform existing applications. By delivering personalized, context-sensitive support in moments of need, Just-In-Time-Adaptive-Interventions (JITAIs) have the potential to boost intervention relevance, engagement, and adherence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aims to (1) develop a transdiagnostic dyadic, AI-based JITAI (DyAI-JITAI) app through a participatory process, and (2) evaluate its feasibility in terms of acceptability, usability, and preliminary intervention effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage I followed a participatory development process using focus groups, think-aloud tests, and qualitative interviews to explore expectations, ideas, and needs for a preventive DyAI-JITAI app among <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f28 target users with lived experience and potential users without clinical anxiety or depressive symptoms. Stage II involves a randomized-controlled proof-of-concept study (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f60) to test the DyAI-JITAI app\u2019s acceptability and clinical usability. Adults without a clinical anxiety or depressive disorder will be randomized to the 4-week JITAI or waitlist control group. The CBT-based app features a seven-day learning phase with Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and optional geo-tracking to identify optimal intervention times and locations, followed by AI-driven JITAIs using reinforcement learning. Users will receive optional motivational support from a self-chosen buddy with shared app access. Feasibility will be evaluated using a formal framework. Assessments will be conducted at four time points: screening, pre-intervention (prior to randomization), mid-intervention (10\u202fdays following randomization), and post-intervention (4\u202fweeks following randomization), complemented by qualitative interviews on user perspectives of the DyAI-JITAI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to participatorily develop and assess the feasibility of a DyAI-JITAI app that bridges the intention-behavior gap by supporting CBT skill use in daily life and offering optional buddy-based motivation. The goal is to tailor the app to users\u2019 needs and inform the design, procedures, and safety management of a future large-scale efficacy RCT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1626428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T04:10:44Z","timestamp":1753762244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Participatory development and proof-of-concept of a dyadic-based, AI-driven, just-in-time adaptive intervention mechanism for preventing anxiety and depressive disorders via app: study protocol for a feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anna-Carlotta","family":"Zarski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Sextl-Pl\u00f6tz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Schmidt-Hantke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie Sarah","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Buntrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5553491","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/5553491","article-title":"Trends in prevalent cases and disability-adjusted life-years of depressive 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