{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:09:30Z","timestamp":1792451370211,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of Tai Chi and Baduanjin on muscle mass, muscle function, and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a comprehensive literature search across both English and Chinese databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of Tai Chi and Baduanjin on patients with sarcopenia. The search covered all studies from the inception of the databases through March 28, 2025. We performed a meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.1 software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 11 RCTs involving 738 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The overall risk of bias was assessed as low, with the methodological quality of the studies ranging from moderate to low-moderate. Compared to controls, both Tai Chi and Baduanjin demonstrated positive improvements in grip strength (SMD\u202f=\u202f0.97, 95% CI: 0.42 to 1.52, Z\u202f=\u202f3.45,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f0.001), gait speed (WMD\u202f=\u202f0.10, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.19, Z\u202f=\u202f2.47,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f0.013), and muscle strength (WMD\u202f=\u202f1.75, 95% CI: 0.59 to 2.91, Z\u202f=\u202f2.95,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f0.003). However, changes in skeletal muscle mass index (WMD\u202f=\u202f0.55, 95% CI: \u22120.54 to 1.65,\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f0.99,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f0.323) and ADL (WMD\u202f=\u202f11.04, 95% CI: \u22122.08 to 24.16,\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f1.65,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f0.099) were not accompanied by significant changes. The funnel plots appeared largely symmetrical, indicating minimal concern for publication bias across the primary outcomes. Furthermore, Egger\u2019s tests for grip strength (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.41,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.695), gait speed (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f1.37,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.265), and skeletal muscle mass index (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f3.16,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.087) showed no significant publication bias.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both Tai Chi and Baduanjin significantly improve muscle strength and function in patients with sarcopenia. However, the improvements observed in ADL did not reach statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:uri>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD420251032762<\/jats:uri>\n                      , Identifier CRD420251032762.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1636857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T04:14:38Z","timestamp":1756872878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of Tai Chi and Baduanjin on muscle mass, muscle function, and activities of daily living in individuals with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064071","article-title":"Sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"147","author":"Damluji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu115","article-title":"Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. 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patients","volume":"105","author":"Suetta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1250-8","article-title":"Effects of individualized tai-chi on balance and lower-limb strength in older adults","volume":"19","author":"Penn","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35590","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035590","article-title":"Effects of Baduanjin exercise on patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain and surface electromyography signs of erector spinal muscle: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"102","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601024","article-title":"Sarcopenia and its implications for the elderly","volume":"54","author":"Roubenoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Clin 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Neurol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58175","DOI":"10.2196\/58175","article-title":"Quantifying the enhancement of Sarcopenic skeletal muscle preservation through a hybrid exercise program: randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Aging"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.7661\/CJIM.2016.01.0049","article-title":"Effects of tai chi on lower limb muscle strength and functional performance in the elderly","volume":"36","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Tradit West Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public 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