{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:28:05Z","timestamp":1787027285621,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Health Council of the Netherlands has recommended screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for migrants born in countries endemic for these infections. We investigated the operational feasibility, test uptake and diagnostic outcomes of integrated HBV\/HCV\/HIV screening into routine care at the Public Health Service (PHS) of Amsterdam.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2022\u20132023, visitors born in endemic countries (\u2265 18\u202fyears) were offered free HBV, HCV and HIV testing at the Travel and Vaccination Center (TVC) of the PHS. In 2021\u20132022, 1,172 visitors born in an endemic country for HCV (\u2265 16\u202fyears) were offered free HCV testing at the Center for Sexual Health (CSH), alongside standard free HBV\/HIV testing. Countries considered endemic for HBV and HCV had a prevalence of \u22652.0% or ranked among the top-10 endemic countries in the Netherlands. The screening program was considered operationally feasible if inclusion began within six months and \u226525% (TVC) or \u226550% (CSH) of eligible visitors were included within one year. Positivity rate was considered \u2018low\u2019 for prevalence &amp;lt; 2.0%, and \u2018high\u2019 for prevalence \u2265 2.0%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At the TVC, 298 visitors participated in HBV (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f264), HCV (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f293) and\/or HIV (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f290) testing. At the CSH 1,023 visitors underwent HCV testing. Inclusion targets were met. Test uptake at the CSH was 87%; data for TVC were unavailable. At the TVC, we identified five newly diagnosed chronic HBV cases (2.0, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f0.6\u20134.4%) and no new cases for HCV or HIV. At the CSH, one newly diagnosed chronic HCV case was identified (0.1, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f0.01\u20130.5%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrating HBV, HCV and HIV screening into routine travel-related care and additional HCV screening into sexual health care is operationally feasible. HBV screening at the TVC showed a high yield, while HCV and HIV yields were low. Routine HBV screening should be further examined in similar settings for migrants from endemic countries, preferably alongside HCV and HIV testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1636918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T13:18:41Z","timestamp":1756819121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Integrating hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus screening for migrants from endemic countries into travel-related and sexual health care in Amsterdam, the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ellen","family":"Generaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Bachour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Klijzing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akke","family":"Cornelissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"Toering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elske","family":"Hoornenborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eline","family":"Op de Coul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Hamdiui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Meiberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelien","family":"Siedenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819000359","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B and C infections in the Netherlands: estimated prevalence in risk groups and the general population","volume":"147","author":"Koopsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.04.003","article-title":"Hepatitis B and C screening needs among different ethnic groups: a population-based study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands","volume":"1","author":"Zuure","year":"2019","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.12.032","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of HCC and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"140","author":"Kanwal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15035","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.35","article-title":"HIV infection","volume":"1","author":"Deeks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100792","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic HCV infection in EU\/EEA countries in 2019 using multiparameter evidence synthesis","volume":"36","author":"Thomadakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0258932","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258932","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among undocumented migrants and uninsured legal residents in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study, 2018-2019","volume":"16","author":"Klok","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Viral hepatitis guideline for general practitioners (in Dutch)","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Geregistreerde contacten huisarts; 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Bmc","volume":"19","author":"Bil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1636918\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T13:18:42Z","timestamp":1756819122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1636918\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1636918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1636918","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"article-number":"1636918"}}