{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:07:42Z","timestamp":1782486462332,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multimorbidity is an increasing worldwide concern, disproportionately impacting disadvantaged populations. Existing studies have mainly focused on older adults, leaving a gap in understanding how sociodemographic inequalities influence the prevalence and risk factors for multimorbidity among younger individuals. This study aims to explore sociodemographic disparities in the prevalence of multimorbidity and its behavioral risk factors among young Brazilian adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2019 National Health Survey, involving a representative sample of individuals aged 20\u201350\u202fyears (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f48,890). Sociodemographic variables (such as gender, age, race, education, socioeconomic status, marital status, health insurance, and region of residence) and behavioral factors (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and eating habits) were examined in relation to multimorbidity. Logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between the selected variables and multimorbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 48,890 participants, 18% reported multimorbidity. Sociodemographic disparities were identified, with higher prevalence among women, older adults, individuals with lower education levels, and those with health insurance. Conversely, participants from the North, Northeast, and Central-West regions were associated with lower prevalence rates. The prevalence of multiple behavioral risk factors (four or more) was greater among those with lower education, lower socioeconomic status, and residents of the South and North regions. Older and married individuals exhibited a lower prevalence of concurrent risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, education, marital status, health insurance, and region were associated to multimorbidity and the co-occurrence of multiple behavioral risk factors. These disparities highlight the need for policies to reduce modifiable risk factors and promote equitable healthcare access, especially for socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1645486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T05:23:32Z","timestamp":1757481812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sociodemographic inequalities in multimorbidity and lifestyle risk factors among young adults: a national population-based study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mirta Mara Mendon\u00e7a","family":"Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Bertoldi","family":"Nucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Luiz Monezi","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Cristina","family":"Enes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30226-9","article-title":"Social inequalities in multimorbidity, frailty, disability, and transitions to mortality: a 24-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Dugravot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081518","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1081518","article-title":"Social determinants of multimorbidity patterns: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"\u00c1lvarez-G\u00e1lvez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16369-1","article-title":"Educational inequality in multimorbidity: causality and causal pathways. A mendelian randomisation study in UK biobank","volume":"23","author":"North","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-214691","article-title":"Household and area-level social determinants of multimorbidity: a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Ingram","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000855","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2024-000855","article-title":"Multimorbidity research: where one size does not fit all","volume":"3","author":"Head","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0913-6","article-title":"The contribution of risk factors to socioeconomic inequalities in multimorbidity across the lifecourse: a longitudinal analysis of the twenty-07 cohort","volume":"15","author":"Katikireddi","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14940-w","article-title":"Ethnic inequalities in multiple long-term health conditions in the United Kingdom: a systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"23","author":"Hayanga","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-024-00833-x","article-title":"Lifestyle factors and incident multimorbidity related to chronic disease: a population-based cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e036851","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-036851","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of complex multimorbidity in a Norwegian population: findings from the cross-sectional HUNT study","volume":"10","author":"Vinjerui","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Decade of healthy aging: Plan of action","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Healthy diet fact sheet N394","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Vigitel Brasil 2019: vigil\u00e2ncia de fatores de risco e prote\u00e7\u00e3o para doen\u00e7as cr\u00f4nicas por inqu\u00e9rito telef\u00f4nico","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"Crit\u00e9rio Brasil de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4mica","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004310","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004310","article-title":"Sociodemographic characteristics and longitudinal progression of multimorbidity: a multistate modelling analysis of a large primary care records dataset in England","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e031649","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031649","article-title":"Journey to multimorbidity: longitudinal analysis exploring cardiovascular risk factors and sociodemographic determinants in an urban setting","volume":"9","author":"Ashworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26335565241236410","DOI":"10.1177\/26335565241236410","article-title":"Variation in multimorbidity by sociodemographics and social drivers of health among patients seen at community-based health centers","volume":"14","author":"Bensken","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Multimorb Comorb"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04128-1","article-title":"Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of multimorbidity among community-dwelling older adults: findings from 346,760 SHARE participants","volume":"23","author":"Ni","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2020054002569","article-title":"Existe desigualdade socioecon\u00f4mica na multimorbidade entre adultos brasileiros?","volume":"54","author":"Costa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-812320202510.34492018","article-title":"Preval\u00eancia e fatores associados a multimorbidades em idosos brasileiros","volume":"25","author":"Melo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc Sa\u00fade Coletiva"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15768-8","article-title":"Multimorbidity and social determinants of health in the US prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for health outcomes: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES 2017\u20132018","volume":"23","author":"Mossadeghi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e151305","DOI":"10.55892\/jrg.v7i15.1305","article-title":"Educa\u00e7\u00e3o em sa\u00fade acerca das doen\u00e7as cr\u00f4nicas e ao cuidado interdisciplinar","volume":"7","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev JRG de Estud Acad"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01522-2","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in health behaviors: exploring mediation pathways through material conditions and time orientation","volume":"20","author":"Mudd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S2237-96222022000300013","article-title":"An\u00e1lise do acesso a servi\u00e7os de sa\u00fade no Brasil segundo perfil sociodemogr\u00e1fico: Pesquisa Nacional de Sa\u00fade, 2019","volume":"31","author":"Palmeira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol Serv Saude"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Decreto n\u00b0 11.936, de 5 de mar\u00e7o de 2024. Disp\u00f5e sobre a composi\u00e7\u00e3o da cesta b\u00e1sica de alimentos no \u00e2mbito da Pol\u00edtica Nacional de Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar e Nutricional e da Pol\u00edtica Nacional de Abastecimento Alimentar","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Pesquisa Nacional de Sa\u00fade: 2019","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1645486\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T05:23:33Z","timestamp":1757481813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1645486\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1645486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1645486","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"article-number":"1645486"}}