{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T17:48:10Z","timestamp":1755798490456,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aimed to investigate the relationship between global tracheobronchial lung cancer mortality rates and economic levels and assess the associated regional economic burden. Understanding these associations is crucial for global health resource allocation, informing cancer prevention and control strategies, and providing data to support the development of lung cancer and economic policies worldwide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed respiratory cancer mortality data (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes C33-C34) obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database (2000\u20132019). Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were calculated to describe the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. Non-parametric comparisons (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) were performed to assess gender differences in mortality. Spearman\u2019s partial rank correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the association between national income levels (World Bank classification) and disease mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The core cohort included 50 countries with sufficient data. The global mean ASMR for respiratory cancers showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2019. Countries included in the Global Respiratory Tumor Mortality Registry System (GRTMRS) were predominantly high-income (68%) and European (52%). A significant positive correlation was observed between income levels and respiratory cancer mortality (Spearman\u2019s <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.422, <jats:italic>p\u202f&amp;lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001). ASMRs were consistently and significantly higher among male individuals than female individuals (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 2000 and 2019, global tracheobronchial lung cancer mortality appeared to be positively correlated with national economic level, particularly in high- and middle-income countries. Age-standardized mortality rates were significantly higher in male individuals than in female individuals. Paradoxically, these findings suggest that increasing economic development may be associated with elevated respiratory cancer mortality rates, emphasizing the critical need for balanced prevention strategies tailored to both high- and low-income settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1647634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T09:49:37Z","timestamp":1755596977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global respiratory tumor mortality correlation study with economic level, 2000\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mingjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00164-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of respiratory tract cancers and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21979-y","article-title":"An analysis of the burden of respiratory tract cancers in global, China, the United States and India: findings based on the GBD 2021 database","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928937","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.928937","article-title":"The burden of Trachea, bronchus, and lung Cancer attributable to occupational exposure from 1990 to 2019","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21632","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution and cancer: An overview of the current evidence and public health recommendations","volume":"70","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1186","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of the 2014 U.S. preventive services task force (USPSTF) recommendations for intensive behavioral counseling interventions for adults with cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"40","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2023.102497","article-title":"Temporal trends in disease burden and attributable risk factors for tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer in Nepal, 1990-2019","volume":"88","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26052049","article-title":"Lung Cancer-epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and molecular aspect (review of literature)","volume":"26","author":"Smolarz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32030130","article-title":"Does real-world evidence of the economic burden of lung Cancer in Greece exist? 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