{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:43:29Z","timestamp":1789055009981,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Air pollution at mining sites is a global phenomenon; residents living around the sandstone quarries are at risk of CRDs. This is an initial research study to analyze the prevalence of CRDs, and the association of household environmental exposures, individual behaviors, socioeconomic status, and air pollution emissions from opencast sandstone quarry within 500 meters of the Soor Sagar region in Rajasthan, related to CRDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study represents data collected from the Soor Sagar Jodhpur area as part of a multicentric cross-sectional observational study across nine sites in India. Mapping was done using ArcGIS Pro 2.9, and participants were selected using a grid-based method. The sandstone quarry area location was mainly considered for Rajasthan, with a target of 1,000 study participant. Data were collected from pre-tested, structured questionnaire through the Kobo Toolbox and analyzed using IBM SPSS v28.0. Multivariate logistic regression and chi-square tests were applied to determine the crude and odds ratio (OR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 894 participants, CRDs prevalence was 12.5% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f112; occupational lung disease 8.7%, asthma 1.8%, COPD 0.6%, and tuberculosis 5.1%). NCD 6.4% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f57), (HTN &amp;amp; DM were prevalent). Sandstone Mine workers (OR 6.65, 95% CI: 3.06\u201314.45,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), unemployed\/former miners (OR 5.59, 95% CI: 2.32\u201313.47,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001) had increased CRDs risks. The odds of CRDs were lower for those aged 18\u201336\u202fyrs. (OR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.11\u20130.32,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), and higher for men aged 37\u201354\u202fyrs. (OR 3.10, 95% CI: 2.00\u20134.79,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). The risk of CRDs increased with illiteracy. (OR 7.41, 95% CI: 1.78\u201330.92,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.006). Dust exposure was linked to an increased risk of CRDs (OR 9.00, 95% CI: 1.07\u201376.02,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.044) and improper method of waste disposal (OR 4.55, 95% CI: 1.39\u201314.86,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.012). The protective factor was LPG use (OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.15\u20131.58,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01) for daily cooking (OR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.28\u20130.72,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlight the prevalence of (CRDs) in this unstudied demographic of the Soor Sagar sandstone quarry area of Jodhpur. This elevated risk is strongly linked to air pollution emissions from sandstone quarries, particularly affecting mine workers and those living within 500 meters of the quarry. Air pollution from mining, combined with socioeconomic factors, personal habits, and household exposures, might increase the population\u2019s risk of developing CRDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1657608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T08:17:52Z","timestamp":1768205872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Estimation of disease burden and multi-dimensional risk factors of chronic respiratory diseases among the residents near sandstone quarries in Jodhpur"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Suresh","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranali A.","family":"Ahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh S.","family":"Bhati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajnish","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30105-3","article-title":"Prevalence and attributable health burden of CRDs, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"8","author":"Soriano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref6","year":""},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"43","article-title":"Health effects of ambient and household air pollution exposures in India","volume-title":"P. Sujatha, editor. Futuristic trends in social sciences volume 3 book 24","author":"Sujatha","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"State Action Plan on Climate Change 2022","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref12","year":""},{"key":"ref13","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref15","year":""},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.12944\/CWE.19.3.12","article-title":"Mitigating air pollution and protecting public health: analyzing the impact of National Clean air Programme in Kota, Rajasthan","volume":"19","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr World Environ"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1149\/10701.0543ecst","article-title":"Environmental risk assessment ascribed to particulate matter for Kota city, Rajasthan (India)","volume":"107","author":"Kuldeep","year":"2022","journal-title":"ECS Trans"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0230574","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230574","article-title":"Silico-tuberculosis, silicosis and other respiratory morbidities among sandstone quarry workers in Rajasthan- a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Rajavel","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"A3.1","volume-title":"SP-02 prevalence of silicosis in stone carving and sandstone quarry industry in Rajasthan. In: Abstracts","author":"Sishodiya","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2240_21","article-title":"Morbidity patterns among current and ex-mine workers in Karauli district of Rajasthan, India","volume":"11","author":"Alagarajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4103\/injms.injms_65_23","article-title":"Early diagnosis and development of referral system for silicosis among sandstone miners in western India","volume":"14","author":"Dhikav","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Med Specialities"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20205458","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculosis in silicosis patients in southern part of Rajasthan","volume":"9","author":"Luhadia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.5109\/7151706","article-title":"Assessment of respiratory health issues among stone carvers of Rajasthan, India","volume":"10","author":"Mishra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evergreen"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.17491\/jgsi\/2007\/70040331","article-title":"Mining activity and its impact on the environment: study from Makrana marble and Jodhpur sandstone quarry areas of Rajasthan","volume":"70","author":"Bhadra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jour. Geol. Soc. India"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.53730\/ijhs.v6ns5.9364","article-title":"Ground water quality in Jodhpur Western Rajasthan","volume":"6","author":"Ram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.16943\/ptinsa\/2016\/48507","article-title":"ICAR-central arid zone research institute, Jodhpur: erosion processes and desertification in the Thar Desert of India","volume":"82","author":"Moharana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad"},{"key":"ref27","year":""},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1177\/00194662241235489","article-title":"Respiratory health and air pollution in opencast coal mining region: a study in Mahanadi coalfield, Odisha, India","volume":"72","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian Econ J"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9852","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-020-01037-w","article-title":"GIS-based exposure assessment and characterization of particulate matter in a mining region in India","volume":"23","author":"Patra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Dev Sustain"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Assessment of air quality with respect to particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) in mining industrial areas of Keonjhar District, Odisha, and its public health implications","author":"Palei","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.61511\/jevnah.v1i1.2024.531","article-title":"Silikosis di kalangan perempuan pekerja tambang batu pasir","volume":"1","author":"Estaurina","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Evidence-based Nurs Public Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.46587\/JGR.2019.v06i01.018","article-title":"Study of stone quarrying and silicosis in Jodhpur district","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Global Resources"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0254534","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254534","article-title":"Development of an educational intervention to reduce the burden of adult chronic lung disease in rural India: inputs from a qualitative study","volume":"16","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3520","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20193481","article-title":"Assessment of work-related health hazards, personal hygiene and utilization of personal protective equipment\u2019s among stone quarry workers: a cross sectional study in Central India","volume":"6","author":"Prasad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Commun Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.12944\/CWE.17.2.10","article-title":"Air quality assessment with human health effects for Kota metropolis, Rajasthan India","volume":"17","author":"Kamboj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr World Environ"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1149\/10701.0561ecst","article-title":"A case study on human health risk assessment attributable to particulate matter at Kota metropolis, Rajasthan (India)","volume":"107","author":"Kuldeep","year":"2022","journal-title":"ECS Trans"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1149\/10701.1073ecst","article-title":"Particulate matter associated human health effects determination through AirQ+ for Alwar, Rajasthan (India)","volume":"107","author":"Kuldeep","year":"2022","journal-title":"ECS Trans"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_325_23","article-title":"A preliminary study on the impact of household air pollution on adult respiratory health in urban and rural settings of Jaipur, India","volume":"49","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"425","volume-title":"Correlation assessment of indoor air pollutants emitted by household fuels and its health impacts","author":"Shilpa","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.ijph_434_24","article-title":"Household fuel preference and its association with breathing difficulty among rural women in Jodhpur, Rajasthan: a cross-sectional study","volume":"68","author":"Rustagi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Evaluation of health risks associated with household air pollution in rural areas of Telangana state in India","author":"Deepthi","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref42","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.21474\/IJAR01\/19839","article-title":"Comparative study of pattern of pulmonary function test among smokers and non-smokers at tertiary care center, Jaipur Rajasthan","volume":"12","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res"},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"Trend analysis of ambient air quality of Jodhpur City (April 2023\u2013march 2024)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref45","year":""}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1657608\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T08:17:55Z","timestamp":1768205875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1657608\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1657608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1657608","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"article-number":"1657608"}}