{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T13:42:37Z","timestamp":1774705357685,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nigeria ranks as the sixth country globally and the first in Africa with the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) infection. The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) strains have posed significant challenges to effective disease management in the country. In this study, 55 <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (MTB) isolates from patients attending a hospital in Ibadan city (Nigeria) were selected. MTB isolates were analyzed using PCR amplification of gene fragments associated with antibiotic resistance, followed by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, MIRU-VNTR genotyping was performed to address population structure and transmission dynamics. Results show an association between mutations in the <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>inhA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic> genes and phenotypic resistance to rifampicin, isoniazide and fluoroquinolones in a significant percentage of the MTB isolates. However, an extended panel of genes would enable a better characterization of antibiotic resistance. The population structure of MTB in Ibadan, as determined by using MIRU-VNTR, revealed that 96.1% of the strains belong to lineage 4, distributed in the following sublineages: Uganda I (47.1%), LAM (21.6%), Cameroon (17.6%), and Ghana (9.8%). Meanwhile, 3.9% of the strains correspond to lineage 5 (L5), West African-1 sub-lineage. The population structure was very heterogeneous and no active transmission clusters were detected. Overall, this pilot study demonstrated the utility of cost-effective molecular tools in enhancing TB surveillance and control programs in settings where whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is still an economical challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1657825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T05:26:47Z","timestamp":1759123607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Population structure and antibiotic resistance profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Ibadan, Nigeria (2019\u20132020): a pilot study to improve affordable molecular diagnostic tools"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Elsy","family":"Carvajal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Escand\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pelumi Daniel","family":"Adewole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Castro-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Pazmi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solon Alberto","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Narvaez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olumuyiwa Samuel","family":"Alabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Garcia-Bereguiain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10090-w","article-title":"Analysing the progress in service delivery towards achieving universal health coverage in Nigeria: a scoping review","volume":"23","author":"Okeke","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv 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