{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T22:37:12Z","timestamp":1773268632531,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 has caused substantial impacts on health, the economy, education, and quality of life worldwide, and pandemic control measures are directly associated with the quality of the pandemic response, which is essential for developing more assertive interventions for health promotion, treatment, and control of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate epidemiological and operational indicators of COVID-19 surveillance in hospitalized patients in the state of Par\u00e1 in 2021 by health mesoregion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional, analytical, and ecological epidemiological study. Data were obtained from the Epidemiological Surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome through the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance System (SIVEP-Gripe).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 18,007 severe acute respiratory syndrome surveillance reports were included. In terms of incidence, there was a significant difference in the Lower Amazon, Southwest Par\u00e1, and Southeast Par\u00e1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). In terms of lethality, the highest rates were in the Lower Amazon and Metropolitan Region of Bel\u00e9m (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). In terms of mortality, significance was observed in the Lower Amazon, the Metropolitan Region of Bel\u00e9m, and Southwest Par\u00e1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). For timely notification (80%), sample collection (80%), completion of the collection date (100%), recording of the molecular test date (100%), and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (100%), none of the mesoregions reached the target. The criterion of confirmation, evolution, and date of evolution did not reach the target (100%) in any mesoregion. For timely case closure (80%), five mesoregions reached the goal: Lower Amazon, Maraj\u00f3, Metropolitan Region of Bel\u00e9m, Northeast Par\u00e1, and Southeast Par\u00e1.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences were observed between health mesoregions in both epidemiological and operational indicators. The most affected mesoregions were the Lower Amazon, Southwest Par\u00e1, and Southeast Par\u00e1, which have high social vulnerability and are farther from the metropolitan area of Bel\u00e9m, where health services with better hospital and laboratory structures are concentrated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1662081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T06:50:22Z","timestamp":1773211822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social factors are associated with disparities in epidemiological and operational indicators of COVID-19 surveillance in a region of the Brazilian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Juliane Lima","family":"Alencar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Epidemiologia e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGEVS\/IEC)","place":["Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina Pereira Queiroz","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Epidemiologia e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGEVS\/IEC)","place":["Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana L\u00facia","family":"da Silva Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Parasit\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia, Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1 e Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGBPA\/UEPA\/IEC)","place":["Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos Jess\u00e9 Abrah\u00e3o","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Parasit\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia, Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1 e Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGBPA\/UEPA\/IEC)","place":["Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"da Costa Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Parasit\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia, Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1 e Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGBPA\/UEPA\/IEC)","place":["Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"dos Santos Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1 (ICS\/FAENF\/UFPA)","place":["Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayara Annanda Oliveira Neves","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGV\/IEC)","place":["Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Jos\u00e9 de Paula Souza e","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Epidemiologia e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGEVS\/IEC)","place":["Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan Corr\u00eaa","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Epidemiologia e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGEVS\/IEC)","place":["Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia, Unidade Acad\u00eamica Serra Talhada (UAST), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)","place":["Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele Melo","family":"Sardinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Epidemiologia e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGEVS\/IEC)","place":["Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Parasit\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia, Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1 e Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGBPA\/UEPA\/IEC)","place":["Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia, Unidade Acad\u00eamica Serra Talhada (UAST), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)","place":["Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla Val\u00e9ria Batista","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Epidemiologia e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Instituto Evandro 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