{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T05:14:19Z","timestamp":1763097259340,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH), particularly those with prior legal system involvement, face significant barriers to securing stable housing, including stigma, limited income, and criminal background screenings. While supportive housing programs have improved outcomes for adults, few programs have been evaluated for youth. The Housing, Opportunities, Motivation and Engagement (HOME) trial is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate a six-month supportive housing intervention for YEH using private-market rental assistance. This qualitative sub-study explored landlord and supportive housing advocate perspectives and experiences with implementing HOME for YEH including those with legal system involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted semi-structured video interviews with 12 participants: 8 landlords (4 HOME participants, 4 non-participants) and 4 housing advocates. Participants were either directly involved in HOME or had prior experience with supportive housing for YEH. Interview guides were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and piloted before being finalized. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using template analysis, guided by CFIR\u2019s five domains. Three researchers independently double coded each transcript, met regularly to resolve discrepancies, and refined codes through focused coding. ATLAS.ti software supported data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Five themes emerged: (1)\n                      <jats:italic>Program Features and Benefits<\/jats:italic>\n                      , including guaranteed rent and youth stabilization; (2)\n                      <jats:italic>Landlord and Advocate Profiles<\/jats:italic>\n                      , highlighting landlord motivations, rental practices, and experience with youth facing homelessness and legal system involvement; (3)\n                      <jats:italic>Internal System Factors<\/jats:italic>\n                      , such as financial incentives and the pivotal role of advocates in bridging communication; (4)\n                      <jats:italic>External Influences<\/jats:italic>\n                      , including rental market constraints and stigma; and (5)\n                      <jats:italic>Program Enhancement Strategies<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with suggestions for longer-term leases, clearer communication, and expanded support resources.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementation of supportive housing for YEH with legal system involvement is shaped by financial, relational, and place-based factors. While guaranteed rent and advocate support facilitated landlord participation, stigma, rigid lease structures, and short program duration posed persistent barriers. Findings highlight the need for tailored, multi-level strategies that address structural inequities and promote long-term housing stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1686263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T05:10:20Z","timestamp":1763097020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cYou\u2019re never going to get a second chance if someone doesn\u2019t give you a second chance\u201d perspectives and experiences of landlords and advocates on implementing HOME among youth experiencing homelessness"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dominique M.","family":"Rose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingzhen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer H.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kele","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Boch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tansel","family":"Yilmazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Slesnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Kelleher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Family and youth Servces bureau fact sheet","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.10.006","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of youth homelessness in the United States","volume":"62","author":"Morton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-011-0270-1","article-title":"The mental and physical health of homeless youth: A literature review","volume":"43","author":"Edidin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/jfcj.12107","article-title":"Preventing homelessness for system-involved youth","volume":"69","author":"Britton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Juv Fam Court J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2018.1545555","article-title":"Incarceration history, social network composition, and substance use among homeless youth in Los Angeles","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2019.104609","article-title":"System involvement among young adults experiencing homelessness: characteristics of four system-involved subgroups and relationship to risk outcomes","volume":"108","author":"Narendorf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Juvenile court statistics, 2019","author":"Hockenberry","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Correctional populations in the United States, 2019\u2014statistical tables","author":"Minton","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJS Statistician NCJ"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"American community survey 1-year estimates","volume-title":"Retrieved from census reporter profile page for NYC-Manhattan community district","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"The legislative primer series for front-end justice: young adults in the justice system","author":"Pirius","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Youth homelessness overview","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Homeless and runaway youth in the juvenile justice system","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Missed opportunities: youth homelessness in America. National Estimates","author":"Morton","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2006.01.004","article-title":"Gender differences in traumatic events and rates of post-traumatic stress disorder among homeless youth","volume":"30","author":"Gwadz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200403000-00015","article-title":"Victimization and posttraumatic stress disorder among homeless adolescents","volume":"43","author":"Stewart","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1108","article-title":"Suicide attempts and childhood maltreatment among street youth: a prospective cohort study","volume":"136","author":"Hadland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1080\/07418825.2019.1709883","article-title":"Does the timing of incarceration impact the timing and duration of homelessness? Evidence from \u201cthe transitions to housing\u201d study","volume":"38","author":"Cox","year":"2021","journal-title":"Justice Q"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.26.5.648","article-title":"Social control correlates of arrest behavior among homeless youth in five US cities","volume":"26","author":"Ferguson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Violence Vict"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2011.12.011","article-title":"A cluster analysis of service utilization and incarceration among homeless youth","volume":"41","author":"Kort-Butler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Sci Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-019-09407-y","article-title":"Homelessness and incarceration: a reciprocal relationship?","volume":"35","author":"Moschion","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Quant Criminol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6629(199903)27:2<225::AID-JCOP9>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"From streets to homes: an innovative approach to supported housing for homeless adults with psychiatric disabilities","volume":"27","author":"Tsemberis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.4.651","article-title":"Housing first, consumer choice, and harm reduction for homeless individuals with a dual diagnosis","volume":"94","author":"Tsemberis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.4.473","article-title":"Does one size fit all? What we can and can't learn from a meta-analysis of housing models for persons with mental illness","volume":"60","author":"Leff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-009-9283-7","article-title":"Substance use outcomes among homeless clients with serious mental illness: comparing housing first with treatment first programs","volume":"47","author":"Padgett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.561","article-title":"Effect of a housing and case management program on emergency department visits and hospitalizations among chronically ill homeless adults: a randomized trial","volume":"301","author":"Sadowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300403","article-title":"Project-based housing first for chronically homeless individuals with alcohol problems: within-subjects analyses of 2-year alcohol trajectories","volume":"102","author":"Collins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2025.102635","article-title":"Does transitional housing matter? The contributions of a housing program on homeless youth\u2019s outcomes","volume":"112","author":"Dashora","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eval Program Plann"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-015-9714-2","article-title":"Perceptions of private market landlords who rent to tenants of a housing first program","volume":"55","author":"Aubry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4840","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134840","article-title":"\u201cI felt safe\u201d: the role of the rapid rehousing program in supporting the security of families experiencing homelessness in salt Lake County, Utah","volume":"17","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-022-09550-z","article-title":"Housing instability following felony conviction and incarceration: disentangling being marked from being locked up","volume":"39","author":"Bryan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Quant Criminol"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Who is eligible","volume-title":"Legal tactics: finding public and subsidized housing","author":"Benzan","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"People with criminal records denied access to public housing","author":"Chance","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2446532","volume-title":"Housing for youth aging out of foster care","author":"Dion","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1086\/374403","article-title":"The mark of a criminal record","volume":"108","author":"Pager","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sociol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9125.12347","article-title":"Criminal record stigma, race, and neighborhood inequality","volume":"61","author":"DeMarco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"Office of general counsel guidance on application of fair housing act standards to the use of criminal records by providers of housing and real estate-related transactions","author":"Kanovsky","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Fair housing for people with a criminal record: a digital toolkit","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"50-state comparison: limits on use of criminal record in employment Licensing & Housing","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/e720382011-001","volume-title":"Returning home: understanding the challenges of prisoner reentry: Maryland pilot study: findings from Baltimore","author":"Visher","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000419","article-title":"The effects of race and criminal history on landlords\u2019(un) willingness to rent to exonerees","volume":"44","author":"Zannella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Law Hum Behav"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/e720652011-001","volume-title":"Illinois prisoners' reflections on returning home","author":"Visher","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11660","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111660","article-title":"Homelessness and public health: a focus on strategies and solutions","volume":"18","author":"Sleet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-021-00237-7","article-title":"Housing, opportunities, motivation and engagement (HOME) for homeless youth at-risk for opioid use disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Slesnick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3615792","volume-title":"Landlord participation study","author":"Nisar","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci10110443","article-title":"Landlord perceptions on homelessness in northern Utah","volume":"10","author":"Walters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc Sci"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50","article-title":"Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science","volume":"4","author":"Damschroder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-021-00150-9","article-title":"Identifying actionable strategies: using consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR)-informed interviews to evaluate the implementation of a multilevel intervention to improve colorectal cancer screening","volume":"2","author":"Lam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Implement Sci Commun"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-022-01245-0","article-title":"The updated consolidated framework for implementation research based on user feedback","volume":"17","author":"Damschroder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.02.026","article-title":"Selection bias was reduced by recontacting nonparticipants","volume":"76","author":"Karvanen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2014.955224","article-title":"The utility of template analysis in qualitative psychology research","volume":"12","author":"Brooks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"Doing qualitative research","author":"Crabtree","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref54","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7856-0","article-title":"The impact of interventions for youth experiencing homelessness on housing, mental health, substance use, and family cohesion: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4826","DOI":"10.18294\/sc.2024.4826","article-title":"Stigma in homelessness and health care: reflections from a housing first program in Barcelona","volume":"20","author":"Llobet-Estany","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spain Salud Colectiva"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101387","article-title":"Health and social outcomes in the housing first model: testing the theory of change","volume":"47","author":"O'Campo","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00469580231214759","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580231214759","article-title":"From philosophy to practice: designing a multi-method, multi-stage program evaluation of the Wisconsin domestic violence housing first pilot program","volume":"60","author":"Sims","year":"2023","journal-title":"INQUIRY"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1080\/10852352.2025.2474908","article-title":"Examining harm reduction in a housing first for youth program for youth experiencing homelessness and concurrent disorders in a small Canadian City","volume":"53","author":"Rozycki","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Prev Interv Community"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2023.09.005","article-title":"Trauma informed best practices and resiliency","volume":"33","author":"Scheid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"47","article-title":"Criminal background checks: gatekeepers of discrimination in housing and the federal housing administration's accountability","volume":"49","author":"Merilus","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nova L Rev"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"PHB\u2019S Portland risk mitigation Pool","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref63","volume-title":"Landlord mitigation program","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/josi.12034","article-title":"Pathways housing first for homeless persons with psychiatric disabilities: program innovation, research, and advocacy","volume":"69","author":"Greenwood","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Soc Issues"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"235","article-title":"Housing first: the pathways model to end homelessness for people with mental illness and addiction manual","volume":"5","author":"Tsemberis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Homelessness"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15557","DOI":"10.2196\/15557","article-title":"Evaluating the effects of a rent subsidy and mentoring intervention for youth transitioning out of homelessness: protocol for a mixed methods, community-based pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Thulien","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1686263\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T05:10:27Z","timestamp":1763097027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1686263\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1686263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1686263","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"article-number":"1686263"}}