{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T07:13:15Z","timestamp":1763536395095,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parental smokers account for approximately one-third of smokers worldwide and often exhibit distinct smoking and quitting behaviors compared to non-parental smokers. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted cessation interventions; however, current evidence remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This secondary analysis pooled individual participant data from 10 community-based smoking cessation trials conducted in Hong Kong between 2010 and 2020 (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910,871 adult daily smokers). We compared parental smokers (those with at least one child) and non-parental smokers in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, smoking behaviors, nicotine dependence (Heaviness of Smoking Index), quitting motivation, and cessation outcomes at 6\u2009months post-intervention. Outcomes included biochemically validated abstinence (exhaled carbon monoxide &amp;lt;4\u2009ppm and salivary cotinine &amp;lt;10\u2009ng\/mL) and self-reported 7-day point-prevalence abstinence (PPA). Multivariable regression models were adjusted for age, sex, education, income, and trial year.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the participants, 42.2% were parental smokers, who were older and had lower education and income (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). They had higher daily cigarette consumption (mean: 14.8 vs. 12.9, adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.59,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) and higher nicotine dependence (9.2% vs. 5.9%, AOR\u2009=\u20091.36,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). A large number of parental smokers had past quit attempts (61.8% vs. 54.0%, AOR\u2009=\u20091.25,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and intentions to quit within 30\u2009days (61.2% vs. 46.4%, AOR\u2009=\u20091.31,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). At 6\u2009months, parental smokers showed higher validated abstinence (7.7% vs. 5.9%, AOR\u2009=\u20091.37,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and self-reported 7-day PPA (15.6% vs. 13.9%, AOR\u2009=\u20091.21,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Among parental smokers, those co-living with children had greater abstinence than those not necessarily co-living, for both self-reported 7-day PPA (AOR\u2009=\u20091.43, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.98,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032) and validated abstinence (AOR\u2009=\u20091.62, 95% CI 1.04\u20132.52,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parental smokers showed higher nicotine dependence but greater motivation and higher abstinence rates following brief community-based interventions. Tailored programs should address their elevated addiction while leveraging their motivation to enhance cessation success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1687893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T06:23:10Z","timestamp":1762150990000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Higher nicotine dependence and greater smoking abstinence in parental than non-parental smokers: a secondary analysis of smoking cessation trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yiran","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzu 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Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengzhi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5526715","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5526715","article-title":"Spontaneous smoking cessation in parents","volume":"2021","author":"Nabi-Burza","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Smok Cessat"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000179","article-title":"Motivation to quit smoking in parental smokers in the pediatric emergency department","volume":"30","author":"Kanis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-164","article-title":"Parent 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