{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T07:15:13Z","timestamp":1770880513082,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global public health problem that affects many people, including people living with HIV (PLHIV). In Gabon, HBV infection remains a concern among PLHIV. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and its associated risk factors among PLHIV at the Nkembo Outpatient Treatment Center in Gabon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Nkembo Outpatient Treatment Center in Gabon from 25 March to 31 May 2024, involving 410 PLHIV. Blood samples (plasma) were collected for analysis. The OnSite HBV-5 Rapid Test was used to detect the HBs antigen and HBe antigen. CD4\u202f+\u202fcounting was performed using the BD FACSPresto\u2122 system. The measurement of HBV and HIV viral loads was carried out using the QuantStudio\u21225 device, after performing extraction using GenoXtract\u00ae (version 1.0). Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS (version 21.0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 410 PLHIV, the seroprevalence of HBV was 10.5% (95% CI: 7.9\u201313.8). Alcohol intake (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)\u202f=\u202f2.1, 95% CI:1.2\u20133.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f=\u202f0.006<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), elevated transaminases (aOR\u202f=\u202f3.1, 95% CI:1.8\u20134.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f=\u202f0.0001<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), CD4\u202f+\u202fcount less than 200 cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      (aOR\u202f=\u202f3.6, 95% CI: 2.2\u20135.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f=\u202f0.0001<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), HIV viral load greater than 1,000 copies\/mL (aOR\u202f=\u202f2.5, 95% CI: 1.4\u20134.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f=\u202f0.001<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and being unvaccinated (aOR\u202f=\u202f2.2 95% CI: 1.2\u20133.8\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f=\u202f0.011<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were identified as risk factors associated with HBV infection among PLHIV.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of HBV remains a concern among PLHIV. Therefore, HBV screening is strongly recommended to improve the management of PLHIV in order to reduce this burden of co-infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1698578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T06:46:04Z","timestamp":1770878764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["People living with HIV co-infected with HBV at the Nkembo Outpatient Treatment Center, Gabon: prevalence and associated factors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rolf","family":"Moukanda-Ifoundou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Treatment Center of Nkembo","place":["Libreville, Gabon"]},{"name":"Catholic University of Central Africa","place":["Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachyda","family":"Massolou-Outata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Treatment Center of Nkembo","place":["Libreville, Gabon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mangala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Central Africa","place":["Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mombo-Maganga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Central Africa","place":["Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"]},{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory","place":["Libreville, Gabon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwladys Esmeralda","family":"Matsomo-Kombet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Central Africa","place":["Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"]},{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory","place":["Libreville, Gabon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josiane Alda","family":"Boukandou-Bina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Central Africa","place":["Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darly","family":"Yenze-Mouel\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory","place":["Libreville, Gabon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Moutsinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Central Africa","place":["Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"]},{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory","place":["Libreville, Gabon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serge Christian","family":"Okolongo-Mayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Central Africa","place":["Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"]},{"name":"Medical Peyrie Center","place":["Libreville, Gabon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Maulot-Bangola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Central Africa","place":["Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Ouambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Central Africa","place":["Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Fokam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Central Africa","place":["Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"]},{"name":"Chantal Biya International Reference Center","place":["Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brice","family":"Ongali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology - Genetics, University of Health Sciences","place":["Libreville, Gabon"]},{"name":"International Institute for Biomedical Research and Biotechnology Carles Kambangoye","place":["Libreville, Gabon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy Joseph","family":"Lemamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology - Genetics, University of Health Sciences","place":["Libreville, Gabon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s43066-022-00207-x","article-title":"The prevalence and determinants of hepatitis B among Egyptian adults: a further analysis of a country-representative survey","volume":"12","author":"Raslan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt Liver 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