{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T14:56:38Z","timestamp":1780325798101,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women of childbearing age need in-depth research because of the physiological characteristics and their disadvantages in obtaining equal health rights. We intend to present the burden of disease worldwide from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and forecast the DALYs from 2022 to 2030.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the 2021 GBD study, we researched the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of HIV and other STIs in incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates for women of childbearing age aged 15 to 49\u202fyears across different age groups, sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, and nations. We used statistical Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models to forecast.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2021, there were 670,804 new AIDS cases in women of childbearing age globally, with a decrease in age-standardized incidence rate (AAPC \u22121.94, \u22122.21 to \u22121.67) and an increase in age-standardized DALYs rate (AAPC 1.67, 1.20 to 2.14) from 1990 to 2021. There were 286,514,651 new other STIst cases with an increase in age-standardized incidence rate (AAPC 0.12, 0.09 to 0.14) and a decrease in age-standardized DALYs rate (AAPC \u22120.15, \u22120.18 to \u22120.11). The largest increase in age-standardized incidence rate of HIV occurred in Oceania from 1990 to 2021. The SDI trends were the opposite of age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized DALYs rate for HIV and other STIs among women of childbearingage. The STI and HIV epidemics are interdependent. Women aged 30\u201334\u202fyears were the group with the highest incidence and DALY rates. Trichomoniasis and chlamydia account for the majority of cases of other STIs. The DALYs rate of HIV showed a downward trend, and the DALYs rate of other STIs showed an upward trend from 2022 to 2030.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study investigated the status of HIV and other STIs in women of childbearing age. The DALYs rate of HIV increased. The incidence rate of other STIs raised and the number of cases was so high that the harm could not be ignored. All sectors of the global community should pay attention to the prevention and control of STIs among women of childbearing age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1702289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T05:18:07Z","timestamp":1766121487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The trend analysis of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among women of childbearing aged 15 to 49\u202fyears from 1990 to 2021 and its forecasting from 2022 to 2030"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yingying","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongbiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Vos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Time series analysis: forecasting and control","author":"Box","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02844-8","article-title":"Self-care interventions for women's health and well-being","volume":"30","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2022.104339","article-title":"Dehumanizing language, motherhood in the context of HIV, and overcoming HIV stigma - the voices of Rwandan women with HIV: A focus group study","volume":"135","author":"Mukamana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117643","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between intersectional stigmas, antiretroviral therapy adherence, and viral load among women living with HIV using multidimensional latent transition item response analysis","volume":"19","author":"Norcini-Pala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540020068031","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in 1996. 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