{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:38:42Z","timestamp":1792222722791,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of presumptive TB cases report late. Early detection of tuberculosis (TB) cases is crucial for its control. We developed a logic model program involving members of a governmental and community-driven youth club of Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS) volunteers and explored its feasibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study defined the purpose, scope, and program domains. The domains were input, process, output, and outcome. These domains were drafted, refined, and finalized using standard techniques. A qualitative study, including in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, was undertaken with community members, healthcare staff, and NYKS volunteers across diverse settings. Acceptability, feasibility, effectiveness, barriers, and improvement strategies of the developed model were synthesized through thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The developed \u201cLogic Model\u201d aims to actively screen and motivate individuals with TB-suggestive symptoms for early detection of active TB, using various domains and corresponding activities. Information, education, communication (IEC), screening, referral, and case detection activities have been monitored using 36 indicators. Most participants expressed acceptance of the model, owing to its alignment with community values, trust among volunteers, and perceived benefits. Key motivators included the proximity of services, improved awareness, and civic responsibility. Barriers included a lack of financial incentives, logistical challenges, and overlapping stakeholder roles. Suggestions for improvement included enhancing gender diversity, confidentiality, volunteer training, and intersectoral coordination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The developed logic model provides a visual display of the input, process, output, and outcome domains, their activities, and relationships. The model links resources, activities, and outcomes for the screening and referral of diagnosed cases. It was broadly accepted, despite some reported challenges. Addressing barriers is essential for program sustainability. Tailored strategies to improve volunteer support, training, and trust-building can enhance the model\u2019s effectiveness and contribute to India\u2019s TB elimination program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1713220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T06:43:23Z","timestamp":1768977803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Active screening of presumptive tuberculosis cases in rural communities through youth club members in India: logic model development and feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Praveen Kumar","family":"Anand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Implementation Research on Non Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research","place":["Jodhpur, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjula","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","place":["New Delhi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal","place":["Bhopal, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR - National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research","place":["Pune, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhruvendra","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Laxminarayan Pandey Government Medical College Ratlam","place":["Ratlam, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitesh","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Model Rural Health Research Unit, Bhanpur Kalan","place":["Jaipur, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurag","family":"Pappu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR - Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["Patna, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. N. R.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR - Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["Patna, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarika","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, King George\u2019s Medical University","place":["Lucknow, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampada","family":"Bangar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR - National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research","place":["Pune, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brajraj","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","place":["New Delhi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashiq","family":"Magrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal","place":["Bhopal, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Involvement of communities and patients in tuberculosis care and prevention","volume-title":"Implementing the WHO stop TB strategy: a handbook for National Tuberculosis Control Programmes","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.17.0036","article-title":"Enhancing tuberculosis patient detection and care through community volunteers in the urban poor, the Philippines","volume":"7","author":"Querri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"673","article-title":"Lay health worker intervention with choice of DOT superior to standard TB care for farm dwellers in South Africa: a cluster randomised control 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