{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T08:07:22Z","timestamp":1793520442431,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban wildlife is an overlooked yet critical component of zoonotic disease surveillance, especially in biodiversity hotspots where human\u2013animal interfaces accelerate spillover risk. This review synthesizes five complementary omics layers: Host microRNAs, host\u2013pathogen genetic markers, bacterial microbiome profiling, viromics, and host transcriptomics into a single predictive framework for early spillover detection. Across taxa and pathogen classes, we highlight convergent molecular signatures of infection, from receptor polymorphisms and shifts in MHC diversity to pathogen-responsive miRNAs, high-risk bacterial genera, novel viral sequences, and transcriptomic profiles associated with pathogen tolerance. By integrating these biomarkers into a cross-validated, multi-omics architecture, we outline a workflow from non-invasive sampling to predictive modeling that enhances sensitivity for detecting both known and cryptic pathogens. We also identify key barriers, including Field preservation, cross-species assay standardization, and bioinformatics capacity, and propose practical solutions, such as interoperable pipelines and open-access databases. This integrative approach shifts surveillance from reactive detection to anticipatory risk profiling, providing a transformative tool for One Health strategies aimed at forecasting and preventing zoonotic epidemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1720300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T06:36:56Z","timestamp":1768372616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Predictive multi-omic biomarkers for urban zoonotic spillover detection: an integrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Iliana C.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnolog\u00eda Avanzada (CICATA) Unidad Morelos del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (IPN), Xochitepec","place":["Morelos, 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