{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:02:41Z","timestamp":1790402561631,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bone metastasis occurs in 30\u201340% of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and denosumab combined with PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors has emerged as a promising treatment strategy. However, the \u201calgorithmic echo chamber\u201d effect on short-video platforms may distort patient cognition and treatment decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted using a custom-developed web crawler to collect 1,369 videos from Bilibili, Douyin, and Xiaohongshu. A total of 402 videos were included after a three-tier keyword filtering process. An AI-based evaluation system built upon the doubao-seed-1.6 model was established, integrating three international standards\u2014Global Quality Score (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and the modified DISCERN tool\u2014to assess multidimensional information quality. Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests and Spearman correlation analyses were performed to explore inter-platform differences and the relationship between information quality and user engagement metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall video quality was substantially below professional medical standards: the mean GQS was 2.84\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.06 (56.8% of the full score), JAMA was 0.34\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.57 (8.5%), and modified DISCERN was 1.55\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.69 (31.0%). Significant quality differences were observed across platforms (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001, Cohen\u2019s d\u202f=\u202f0.6\u20130.8): Douyin ranked highest, followed by Xiaohongshu, with Bilibili lowest. Correlation between user engagement and content quality was extremely weak (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.004, r\u202f=\u202f0.062), indicating substantial decoupling\u2014high engagement did not equate to high-quality content. Medical professionals accounted for only 25.6% of content creators, while patient-generated content reached 52.2%. Evidence-based treatment information comprised merely 20.0\u201326.7%, whereas misleading or inaccurate claims accounted for 6.7\u201313.3%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From a behavioral and cognitive perspective, the low quality of immune-oncology information on short-video platforms, coupled with algorithm-driven amplification of high-engagement but low-quality content, may exacerbate cognitive bias, potentially increasing clinical safety risks such as insufficient hypocalcemia monitoring and inadequate MRONJ prevention. Establishing a professional governance and oversight system is urgently required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1724546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T06:44:27Z","timestamp":1767681867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The theoretical impact of AI-based quality evaluation of short-video health information on public cognition and treatment adherence: a case study of denosumab combined with PD-1\/PD-L1 therapy for lung cancer bone metastasis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jia-wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Jun","family":"Xun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei-Fei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16005","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66307-3","article-title":"Population based study on the progress in survival of primarily metastatic lung cancer patients in Germany","volume":"14","author":"Tzschoppe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493773","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1493773","article-title":"Impact of bone metastasis on prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335366","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1335366","article-title":"Multiple influence of immune cells in the bone metastatic cancer microenvironment on tumors","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040999","article-title":"The contribution of the immune system in Bone metastasis pathogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Xiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12584","article-title":"Immune mediated support of metastasis: implication for bone invasion","volume":"44","author":"Xin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Commun"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2022.100416","article-title":"Experience with denosumab (XGEVA\u00ae) for prevention of skeletal-related events in the 10 years after approval","volume":"33","author":"Cadieux","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Oncol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.08.002","article-title":"Superiority of denosumab to zoledronic acid for prevention of skeletal-related events: a combined analysis of 3 pivotal, randomised, phase 3 trials","volume":"48","author":"Lipton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Europ J Cancer"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0095-y","article-title":"Roles of the RANKL-RANK axis in antitumour immunity - 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