{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:39:30Z","timestamp":1789778370106,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of digitalized traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) on physical function, cognitive function, mental health, and quality of life in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, and Wan Fang databases from their inception until 28 September 2025 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. Outcome measures included physical function, cognition, depression, and quality of life. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and GRADE criteria were used to assess the quality of the studies. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 17.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixteen trials involving 1,604 participants were included in this study. Low to moderate-certainty evidence showed that digitalized TCEs significantly improved functional mobility (WMD\u202f=\u202f\u22120.81; 95% CI, \u22121.28 to \u22120.33;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.0009; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f76%), balance function (SMD\u202f=\u202f0.88; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.08;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.00001; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0%), and global cognition (WMD\u202f=\u202f1.98; 95% CI, 1.44 to 2.52;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.00001; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f84%). In addition, moderate-certainty evidence indicated small but statistically significant improvements in quality of life (SMD\u202f=\u202f0.17; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.30;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.01; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f3%). However, digitalized TCEs did not significantly improve grip strength (WMD\u202f=\u202f\u22120.26; 95% CI, \u22121.15 to 0.62;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.56; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0%; low certainty evidence) or depression (SMD\u202f=\u202f\u22120.71; 95% CI, \u22121.48 to 0.05;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.07; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f95%; very low certainty evidence).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that digitalized TCEs can significantly improve multiple health indicators in older adults, aligning with the WHO\u2019s concept of healthy aging and offering a promising intervention to promote it. It is important to note that long-term participation is crucial for sustaining these health benefits; therefore, enhancing exercise adherence among older adults is essential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD420251053317<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD420251053317.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1725847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T05:19:54Z","timestamp":1765430394000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of digitalized traditional Chinese exercises on the physical and mental health and quality of life of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yongjie","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiongliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e159","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30019-2","article-title":"Measuring population ageing: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11786329231188286","DOI":"10.1177\/11786329231188286","article-title":"Effects of senility on disease burden: panel analysis using 2010 to 2019 OECD health data","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Serv Insights"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165381","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1165381","article-title":"How heavy is the medical expense burden among the older adults and what are the contributing factors? A literature review and problem-based analysis","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad132","article-title":"Complex interventions for improving independent living and quality of life amongst community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Ho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4382","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054382","article-title":"Intrinsic capacities, functional ability, physiological systems, and caregiver support: a targeted synthesis of effective interventions and international recommendations for older adults","volume":"20","author":"Ashikali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104263","article-title":"Effective implementation approaches for healthy ageing interventions for older people: a rapid review","volume":"92","author":"Owusu-Addo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33371-0","article-title":"Socio-economic status and trajectories of a novel multidimensional metric of active and healthy ageing: the English longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"13","author":"Malkowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv3","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad118","article-title":"Measurement of healthy ageing","volume":"52","author":"Gichu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02548-5","article-title":"A multidimensional model of healthy ageing: proposal and evaluation of determinants based on a population survey in Ecuador","volume":"21","author":"Rivadeneira","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780898","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.780898","article-title":"Aging well for indigenous peoples: a scoping review","volume":"10","author":"Quigley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02046-9","article-title":"Effects of traditional Chinese exercises on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"54","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281144","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1281144","article-title":"The comparison between effects of Taichi and conventional exercise on functional mobility and balance in healthy older adults: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41908","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000041908","article-title":"Exploring the benefits of traditional Chinese exercises (tai chi and Qigong) on the anxiety and depression of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36736","article-title":"The influence of traditional Chinese exercise on brain function compared with other sports: a meta-analysis on functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10196","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X202010196","article-title":"Effectiveness of tai chi exercise on overall quality of life and its physical and psychological components among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15913","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15913","article-title":"Effect of traditional Chinese exercise on the quality of life and depression for chronic diseases: a meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S380780","article-title":"Perceptions of participants on trial participation and adherence to tai chi: a qualitative study","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062972","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1062972","article-title":"The implementation of \"integration of sports and medicine\" in China: its limitation and recommendations for model improvement","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2022.102171","article-title":"Feasibility and safety of qigong training delivered from two different digital platforms in physically inactive adults: a pilot randomized controlled study","volume":"54","author":"Akinci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Integr Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29188","DOI":"10.2196\/29188","article-title":"Adapting Chinese qigong mind-body exercise for healthy aging in older community-dwelling low-income Latino adults: pilot feasibility study","volume":"4","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Aging"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14429","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14429","article-title":"Virtual tai chi program for patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: proof-of-concept feasibility trial","volume":"34","author":"Staller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8220","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-93553-w","article-title":"The effects of the generative adversarial network and personalized virtual reality platform in improving frailty among the elderly","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2024.3372099","article-title":"Enhancing tai chi training system: towards group-based and hyper-realistic training experiences","volume":"30","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00304","article-title":"A pilot study of an in-home multicomponent Exergame training for older adults: feasibility, usability and pre-post evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Adcock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-17187-8","article-title":"AI-driven tai chi mastery using deep learning framework for movement assessment and personalized training","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"339","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chapter 6: choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Version 6.5","author":"Higgins","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01280-9","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of standalone digital interventions for cognitive symptoms in people without dementia","volume":"7","author":"Cabreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2024.102515","article-title":"Efficacy of app-based mobile health interventions for stress management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-reported, physiological, and neuroendocrine stress-related outcomes","volume":"114","author":"S\u00eerbu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2020.05.003","article-title":"Augmented reality-assisted training with selected tai-chi movements improves balance control and increases lower limb muscle strength in older adults: a prospective randomized trial","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Exerc Sci Fit"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77014","DOI":"10.2196\/77014","article-title":"Effects of tai chi on cognitive function in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: randomized controlled trial using wearable devices in a Mobile health model","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05188-7","article-title":"Proposal and validation of a new approach in tele-rehabilitation with 3D human posture estimation: a randomized controlled trial in older individuals with sarcopenia","volume":"24","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-1603","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of cognitively enhanced tai Ji Quan training on global cognition and dual-task performance during walking in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or self-reported memory concerns: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"176","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02747-0","article-title":"A cognitively enhanced online tai Ji Quan training intervention for community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a feasibility trial","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S306431","article-title":"Implementing an online virtual falls prevention intervention during a public health pandemic for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a feasibility trial","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2024.105344","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of virtual reality CAVE automatic virtual environments (CAVE) for chronic musculoskeletal pain in older adults: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Lo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761053","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.761053","article-title":"Effects of exergaming-based tai chi on cognitive function and dual-task gait performance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized control trial","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4208","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134208","article-title":"Tai chi movement recognition and precise intervention for the elderly based on inertial measurement units and temporal convolutional neural networks","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-025-01336-7","article-title":"Evaluating the efficacy of AI-enhanced 3D human pose estimation in telerehabilitation for older adults with sarcopenia","volume":"21","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sport Sci Health"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104316","article-title":"Application of virtual reality to enhance therapeutic tai chi for depression in elderly people","volume":"248","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.20047\/j.issn1673-7210.2020.01.023","article-title":"The impact of Baduanjin based on virtual reality on fall risk and quality of life in elderly osteoporosis patients in nursing homes","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Medical Herald"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-1424.2021.04.007","article-title":"The impact of Baduanjin exercise based on virtual reality on elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment in nursing homes","volume":"43","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-024-01082-y","article-title":"Investigating the efficacy of AI-enhanced telerehabilitation in sarcopenic older individuals","volume":"16","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.2095-6606.2024.02.004","article-title":"The impact of Baduanjin training based on augmented reality technology on cognitive function in elderly hypertensive patients","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mod Chin Clin Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6485","DOI":"10.3390\/s24196485","article-title":"The effect of tai chi (Bafa Wubu) training and artificial intelligence-based movement-precision feedback on the mental and physical outcomes of elderly","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096599","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1096599","article-title":"Network meta-analysis of the efficacy of four traditional Chinese physical exercise therapies on the prevention of falls in the elderly","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849530","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.849530","article-title":"Effects of traditional Chinese exercises on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01944","article-title":"Electroencephalographic correlates of sensorimotor integration and embodiment during the appreciation of virtual architectural environments","volume":"6","author":"Vecchiato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094054","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1094054","article-title":"Efficacy of traditional Chinese exercise for sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101747","article-title":"The effect of tai chi in elderly individuals with sarcopenia and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"82","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24111","DOI":"10.2196\/24111","article-title":"Effectiveness of using virtual reality-supported exercise therapy for upper extremity motor rehabilitation in patients with stroke: systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303880","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1303880","article-title":"The application of virtual reality meditation and mind-body exercises among older adults","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.46.5.8","article-title":"A pilot study of virtual reality (VR) tai chi program on mental health among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2020.00025","article-title":"Distinct insular functional connectivity changes related to mood and fatigue improvements in major depressive disorder following tai chi training: a pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00237","article-title":"Treating depression with tai chi: state of the art and future perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-022-00952-w","article-title":"Telerehabilitation for upper limb disabilities: a scoping review on functions, outcomes, and evaluation methods","volume":"80","author":"Moulaei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122527","article-title":"Long term physical activity improves quality of life perception, healthy nutrition, and daily life Management in Elderly: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Fiorilli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961515","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.961515","article-title":"Synergistic multi-joint kinematic strategies to reduce tripping risks during obstacle-crossing in older long-term tai-chi Chuan practitioners","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0242963","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242963","article-title":"Tai chi training's effect on lower extremity muscle co-contraction during single- and dual-task gait: cross-sectional and randomized trial studies","volume":"16","author":"Wayne","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40364","DOI":"10.2196\/40364","article-title":"Nurse-led telehealth intervention for rehabilitation (Telerehabilitation) among community-dwelling patients with chronic diseases: systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.105203","article-title":"Using telehealth to deliver qi gong and tai chi programs: a mixed-methods systematic review on feasibility, acceptability and participant engagement factors","volume":"117","author":"Teo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/nuf.12690","article-title":"Rapid conversion of tai chi classes from face-to-face to virtual during the COVID-19 pandemic: a quality improvement project","volume":"57","author":"Sawyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs Forum"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34995","DOI":"10.2196\/34995","article-title":"A telehealth-delivered tai chi intervention (TaiChi4Joint) for managing aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia in patients with breast Cancer during COVID-19: longitudinal pilot study","volume":"6","author":"Gomaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1725847\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T05:19:58Z","timestamp":1765430398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1725847\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1725847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1725847","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"article-number":"1725847"}}