{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:28:43Z","timestamp":1787668123855,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sandwich generation refers to individuals who simultaneously care for children and parents or grandparents. This study explores how they utilize social capital at various levels to manage their responsibilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten participants, aged 35\u201350, who care for both children and older family members, were interviewed. The data was analyzed thematically and deductively coded based on bonding, bridging, and linking social capital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found that the sandwich generation faces time management issues, physical exhaustion, stress, and caregiver burnout. The findings revealed that significant support comes from parents, in-laws, and maids, while broader support from siblings, peers, and neighborhoods is limited. Religious groups were identified as a key source of emotional and spiritual support. Participants valued pre-nursery and kindergarten services but expressed concerns about the government\u2019s unequal allocation of childcare and long-term care resources. The key role of family over government support reflects traditional Chinese family values and social policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study concludes with recommendations for future research and policy development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1730220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T05:13:55Z","timestamp":1768281235000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Middle-aged sandwich generation: the utilization of social capital in coping with the caring demands and threats to mental health"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Gigi","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine So-Kum","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tak Sang","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2024.101650","article-title":"Mental and physical health among 'sandwich' generation working-age adults in the United States: not all sandwiches are made equal","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X19000047","article-title":"Caught in the middle in mid-life: provision of care across multiple generations","volume":"40","author":"Vlachantoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ageing Soc"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"419","article-title":"The \u2018sandwich\u2019 generation: adult children of the aging","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"1981","journal-title":"Soc Work"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2015.1032466","article-title":"Older adults: the \u201cpanini sandwich\u201d generation","volume":"38","author":"Abramson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Quarterly report on general household survey","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Combining sandwich care with work: Interviews with Chinese young working sandwich caregivers. 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