{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:00:40Z","timestamp":1792512040311,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Medical University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many studies on mental health show that mental and behavioral disorders (MBD) are becoming a growing global problem, including in Poland. The aim of the study is to assess mortality trends due to MBD in Poland in the period 2000\u20132023, by gender and by the most important causes in this group of deaths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study material was a database including 63,580 death certificates of all Polish inhabitants who died due to MBD in the period 2000\u20132023. The authors calculated standardized death rates (SDR), annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The number of deaths due to MBD in Poland increased from 1,541 in 2000 to 5,018 in 2023. The standardized death rate (SDR) increased from 4.70 to 13.42 per 100,000 population (AAPC\u202f=\u202f5.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). SDR increased more rapidly in women, i.e., from 1.50 to 8.09 (AAPC\u202f=\u202f7.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) than in men, i.e., from 8.40 to 19.06 (AAPC\u202f=\u202f4.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Over 80% of all deaths in this group were caused by MBD due to alcohol use. SDR trends for these causes began to increase statistically significantly from 2013 at an annual rate of 8.1% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), reaching 6.9 in 2023. In the male group, APC in 2013\u20132023 was 8.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), and SDR in 2023 was 12.9. In the female group, the APC in 2014\u20132020 was 13.1% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), and SDR in 2023 was 1.7. A statistically significant increase in SDR due to dementia was also observed from 2011. APC between 2011 and 2023 was 26.4% (23.6% in the male group and 27.9% in the female group). In 2023, SDR was 5.04 (4.34 and 5.25, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increase in mortality due to MBD related to excessive alcohol consumption and population aging is a growing public health challenge that requires systemic intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1731183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T08:18:49Z","timestamp":1768205929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mental and behavioral disorder mortality in Poland, 2000\u20132023: a national age-standardized Joinpoint regression study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Pikala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20128","article-title":"Risks of all-cause and suicide mortality in mental disorders: a meta-review","volume":"13","author":"Chesney","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","author":"Bloom","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref9","year":""},{"key":"ref10","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref12","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref13","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20384","article-title":"Excess mortality in persons with severe mental disorders: a multilevel intervention framework and priorities for clinical practice, policy and research agendas","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49647","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49647","article-title":"Epidemiological trends and factors associated with mortality rate in psychoactive substance use-related mental and behavioral disorders: A CDC-WONDER database analysis","volume":"15","author":"Okobi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.2099416","article-title":"Mortality in people with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors","volume":"21","author":"Correll","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10122366","article-title":"Mortality in schizophrenia-Spectrum disorders: recent advances in understanding and management","volume":"10","author":"Peritogiannis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13512","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and mortality-findings from Helsinki birth cohort study","volume":"147","author":"Eriksson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.4316","article-title":"The role of socioeconomic position in the association between mental disorders and mortality: A systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e084797","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084797","article-title":"Mental disorders and excess mortality: a systematic review protocol","volume":"15","author":"Quirk","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-024-00953-w","article-title":"Premature mortality and health inequality among adult new Yorkers with serious mental illness","volume":"102","author":"Magas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255323","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1255323","article-title":"Trends in CV mortality among patients with known mental and behavioral disorders in the US between 1999 and 2020","volume":"14","author":"Ebert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00463-7","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in patients with severe mental illness","volume":"18","author":"Nielsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(25)00262-7","article-title":"Mortality from respiratory diseases in individuals with severe mental illness: a large-scale systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled and specific diagnoses","volume":"12","author":"Laguna-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9573","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159573","article-title":"The relationship between mental disorders and the COVID-19 pandemic-course, risk factors, and potential consequences","volume":"19","author":"Markiewicz-Gospodarek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02376-x","article-title":"Cancer mortality in common mental disorders: A 10-year retrospective cohort study","volume":"58","author":"Chierzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.118","article-title":"Association between rumination, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in persons with depressive and other mood disorders and healthy controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"368","author":"Le","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112899","article-title":"Mental disorders and medical conditions associated with causing injury or death: A population-based study","volume":"287","author":"Husky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref29","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109150","article-title":"Alcohol and other substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review","volume":"229","author":"Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106128","article-title":"WHO world mental health survey collaborators. The epidemiology of alcohol use disorders cross-nationally: findings from the world mental health surveys","volume":"102","author":"Glantz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02899.x","article-title":"The relation between different dimensions of alcohol consumption and burden of disease: an overview","volume":"105","author":"Rehm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.031","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid substance use, anxiety and mood disorders in epidemiological surveys, 1990-2014: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"154","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30222-6","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidities in alcohol use disorder","volume":"6","author":"Castillo-Carniglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09480-8","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of alcohol consumption and use disorder in 274,424 individuals from multiple populations","volume":"10","author":"Kranzler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/s0376-8716(02)00220-x","article-title":"Alcohol use disorders comorbid with anxiety, depression and drug use disorders. Findings from the Australian National Survey of mental health and well being","volume":"68","author":"Burns","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2009.03.010","article-title":"Understanding comorbidity between substance use, anxiety and affective disorders: broadening the research base","volume":"34","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref38","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.25879","article-title":"Alcohol-related deaths in Poland during a period of weakening alcohol control measures","volume":"325","author":"Zatonski","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.5114\/jhi.2024.145099","article-title":"Exposure of the polish population to alcohol. Alcohol-related health harm, its causes and possible solutions","volume":"10","author":"Janik-Koncewicz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Health Inequalities"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.5114\/jhi.2019.87842","article-title":"Small bottles \u2013 huge problem? A new phase of Poland\u2019s ongoing alcohol epidemic","volume":"5","author":"Zato\u0144ski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Health Inequalities"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"221","article-title":"Alcohol drinking patterns and habits among a sample of PONS study subjects: preliminary assessment","volume":"18","author":"Przewo\u017aniak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agl124","article-title":"Comparing alcohol consumption in central and eastern Europe to other European countries","volume":"42","author":"Popova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03326.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and alcohol policy in Europe","volume":"106","author":"Rehm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref45","year":""},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","article-title":"Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD et al. GBD 2016 alcohol collaborators. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref47","author":"Rabinovich","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108990","article-title":"Years of life lost due to alcohol-related mortality: A nationwide population study in Poland, 1999-2017","volume":"227","author":"Ciabiada-Bry\u0142a","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13624","article-title":"Alcohol-related mortality in four European countries: A multiple-cause-of-death study","volume":"42","author":"Fihel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10810","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010810","article-title":"Mortality and alcohol as its cause-comparative characteristics of the two neighboring countries: Ukraine and Poland","volume":"18","author":"Lyubinets","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048659","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1048659","article-title":"Excess mortality in Poland during the first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020","volume":"10","author":"Pikala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037563","article-title":"A social-attributional analysis of alcohol response","volume":"140","author":"Fairbairn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e259","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30088-8","article-title":"Alcohol use and misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: a potential public health crisis?","volume":"5","author":"Clay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13074","article-title":"Alcohol use in times of the COVID 19: implications for monitoring and policy","volume":"39","author":"Rehm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061657","article-title":"Dietary choices and habits during COVID-19 lockdown: experience from Poland","volume":"12","author":"Sidor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4677","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134677","article-title":"Alcohol consumption reported during the COVID-19 pandemic: the initial stage","volume":"17","author":"Chodkiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113096","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on substance use: implications for prevention and treatment","volume":"289","author":"Ornell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3946","article-title":"Survival in dementia and predictors of mortality: a review","volume":"28","author":"Todd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318820","article-title":"Survival in memory clinic cohort is short, even in young-onset dementia","volume":"90","author":"Rhodius-Meester","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211002924","article-title":"Dementia time to death: a systematic literature review on survival time and years of life lost in people with dementia","volume":"24","author":"Brodaty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28723","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-14406-0","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk prediction using machine learning for survival analysis with a comorbidity-based approach","volume":"15","author":"Abuhantash","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref62","author":"Wojtyniak","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref63","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00450-z","article-title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with dementia","volume":"17","author":"Numbers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.585540","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 infection and enforced prolonged social isolation on neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with and without dementia: a review","volume":"11","author":"Manca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12143","article-title":"Tackling challenges in care of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias amid the COVID-19 pandemic, now and in the future","volume":"16","author":"Mok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2024.11.00","article-title":"Sex-stratified mortality estimates in people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of 2,700,825 people with schizophrenia","volume":"91","author":"Solmi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2024.10.012","article-title":"Extended lifetime expectancy in schizophrenia, role of measurement based care","volume":"339","author":"Helldin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2023.12.010","article-title":"Regional differences in mortality risk and in attenuating or aggravating factors in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Solmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153657","article-title":"Excess early mortality in schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Laursen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref71","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref72","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.18778\/0208-600X.88.02","article-title":"Modern crisis of youth mental health \u2013 the perspective of Poland","volume":"88","author":"\u017b\u00f3\u0142taszek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Sociologica"},{"key":"ref74","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref75","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-9996-9_22","article-title":"Coding and classifying causes of death: trends and international differences","volume-title":"International handbook of adult mortality","author":"Anderson","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.33119\/SD.2020.2.2","article-title":"Investigating multiple-cause mortality in Poland","volume":"2","author":"Fihel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Studia Demograficzne"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1731183\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T08:18:50Z","timestamp":1768205930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1731183\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1731183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1731183","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"article-number":"1731183"}}