{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:06:40Z","timestamp":1792555600050,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to analyse the temporal trends of acute hepatitis C incidence and the independent effects of age, time period, and birth cohort (age\u2013period\u2013cohort effects) from 1990 to 2021 globally and in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Joinpoint regression was used to analyse the trends in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs). The age\u2013period\u2013cohort model was employed to disentangle the underlying effects of population ageing, temporal changes, and birth cohort risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 1990 to 2021, the global ASIR of acute hepatitis C exhibited an overall declining trend (average annual percent change [AAPC]\u202f=\u202f\u22120.38%). However, this trend reversed after 2015, indicating a concerning resurgence. Disparities were pronounced across socio-demographic index (SDI) levels: Low-SDI regions faced the highest burden, while the ASIR in China declined most rapidly (AAPC\u202f=\u202f\u22121.55%). The age\u2013period\u2013cohort analysis revealed a bimodal age pattern, with peaks in early childhood (0\u20134\u202fyears) and old age (\u226595\u202fyears), indicating distinct transmission routes and historical cohort risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite a long-term decline, the global increase in acute hepatitis C incidence underscores an ongoing public health challenge. Our findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen prevention and screening strategies, particularly in low-SDI regions, among vulnerable age groups, and for high-risk populations in order to achieve the goal of hepatitis C elimination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1634028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T05:26:03Z","timestamp":1775107563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analyses of global and Chinese acute hepatitis C incidence trends, 1990\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Menghan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College","place":["Wuhu, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College","place":["Wuhu, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjiao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Wuhu, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Wuhu, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xieyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Wuhu, Anhui, 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