{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:56:26Z","timestamp":1783011386988,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The February 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f earthquakes reshaped everyday life well beyond the impact zone; however, how disaster-linked psychological states influence psychosocial wellbeing and everyday behaviors, including consumer responses among tertiary victims (geographically distant yet psychologically affected), remains underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We employ an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design (QUAN \u2192 QUAL): a cross-sectional survey of Istanbul adults (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f350) is modeled using PLS-SEM, followed by 24 semi-structured interviews and reflexive thematic analysis, integrated via joint displays.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quantitatively, PTSD relates to post-disaster wellbeing and consumption directly and indirectly through death anxiety (DA), intolerance of uncertainty (IUS), and search for meaning (MLQ-S); perceived media pressure (ME) attenuates these translations on average. Qualitatively, participants described securing basics and redundant backups as control-restoration and \u201cemotional insurance\u201d to preserve safety, small indulgences as low-guilt self-care that supports emotional health, media as a double-edged influence (unregulated viewing amplifies anxiety; deliberate curation dampens it), and purposeful, value-aligned purchases as identity repair and resilience-building.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings extend terror-management, control-restoration, and meaning-making accounts to vicarious-trauma contexts and identify media regulation as a key boundary condition. Practically, they support public health risk communication that normalizes selective exposure, ethical preparedness that restores agency and wellbeing without excess, and interventions that channel recovery toward responsible self-care and value-aligned choices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1703071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T13:01:23Z","timestamp":1771938083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The impact of PTSD symptoms on post-disaster consumption: tertiary victims of the 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f earthquakes in T\u00fcrkiye"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"\u0130brahim","family":"K\u0131rcova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munise Hayrun","family":"Sa\u011flam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet Can","family":"\u015eenlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aviation Management, Istanbul Geli\u015fim University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do\u011fan Mert","family":"Akdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Trade, Istanbul Ticaret University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebru","family":"Enginkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.3.4.538","article-title":"Evaluating the effects of disasters","volume":"3","author":"Green","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa013404","article-title":"Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City","volume":"346","author":"Galea","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4068\/cmj.2020.56.2.99","article-title":"The impact of community disaster trauma: a focus on emerging research of PTSD and other mental health outcomes","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chonnam Med J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10615-025-00993-y","article-title":"Examination of individual and collective trauma after the Kahramanmara\u015f earthquake","author":"Kilic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Soc Work J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/21639159.2014.881114","article-title":"The impact of natural disasters on the values and lifestyles of consumers: in the case of the Tohoku earthquake","volume":"24","author":"Nishio","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Glob Sch Mark Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1108\/EJMBE-06-2023-0172","article-title":"How compulsive and impulsive buying affect consumer emotional regulation. Is anxiety a differential element?","volume":"34","author":"Cach\u00f3n-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Manag Bus Econ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-02025-9","article-title":"Psychosocial stressors of post-disaster processes: a qualitative study of displaced survivors of the 2017 Grenfell tower fire","volume":"12","author":"Brooks","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1108\/07363761211193046","article-title":"Liminality and consumption in the aftermath of a natural disaster","volume":"29","author":"Kennett-Hensel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Consum Mark"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21361-y","article-title":"Resilience, coping strategies, and disaster experience: a path analysis of preparedness and avoidance","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/09593969.2016.1247010","article-title":"Post-disaster consumption: analysis from the 2011 Christchurch earthquake","volume":"27","author":"Forbes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Rev Retail Distrib Consum Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1002\/mde.4108","article-title":"Corruption in Turkey and earthquakes: policies for tackling corruption in the construction sector","volume":"45","author":"Cifuentes-Faura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Manag Decis Econ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70070","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-5973.70070","article-title":"Factors affecting the success of disaster response management: the case of the 2023 T\u00fcrkiye earthquakes","volume":"33","author":"Oral","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Contingencies Crisis Manag"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1108\/QMR-06-2024-0094","article-title":"Playing dead in natural disasters: analysing customer reactions to the perceived silence of Starbucks on the earthquake disaster in T\u00fcrkiye","volume":"28","author":"Danisman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Qual Mark Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.13475","article-title":"A probabilistic bi-objective model for a humanitarian location-routing problem under uncertain demand and road closure","volume":"32","author":"Temiz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Trans Oper Res"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"Lazarus","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.3.513","article-title":"Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress","volume":"44","author":"Hobfoll","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-9564-5_10","article-title":"The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: a terror management theory","volume-title":"Public self and private self","author":"Greenberg","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327663jcp1403_2","article-title":"The urge to splurge: a terror management account of materialism and consumer behavior","volume":"14","author":"Arndt","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Consum Psychol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aesp.2015.03.001","article-title":"Thirty years of terror management theory: from genesis to revelation","volume":"52","author":"Pyszczynski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1086\/426612","article-title":"Coping: a multidimensional, hierarchical framework of responses to stressful consumption episodes","volume":"32","author":"Duhachek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Consum Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2024.00056","article-title":"Emotional difficulties mediate the impact of adverse childhood experiences on compulsive buying-shopping problems","volume":"13","author":"David","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1509\/jmr.15.0319","article-title":"The effect of stress on consumer saving and spending","volume":"53","author":"Durante","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mark Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640","article-title":"Conservation of resources in the organizational context: the reality of resources and their consequences","volume":"5","author":"Hobfoll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Organ Psychol Organ Behav"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206314527130","article-title":"Getting to the \u201cCOR\u201d: understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory","volume":"40","author":"Halbesleben","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Manage"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-013-9531-6","article-title":"Intolerance of uncertainty and PTSD symptoms: exploring the construct relationship in a community sample with a heterogeneous trauma history","volume":"37","author":"Fetzner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cogn Ther Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2307\/1251945","article-title":"A cross-national investigation into the individual and national cultural antecedents of consumer innovativeness","volume":"63","author":"Steenkamp","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Mark"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0256095","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256095","article-title":"Psychological factors and consumer behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"16","author":"Di Crosta","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/15332969.2018.1514795","article-title":"Fear during natural disaster: its impact on perceptions of shopping convenience and shopping behavior","volume":"39","author":"Larson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Serv Mark Q"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1108\/IJRDM-07-2023-0422","article-title":"Exploring personal savings versus hedonic consumption in the new normal","volume":"52","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Retail Distrib Manag"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70056","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcs.70056","article-title":"Terror management theory in the consumer domain: a systematic review and meta-analysis on mortality salience driven consumer responses","volume":"49","author":"Arendsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Consum Stud"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549251341236","article-title":"Predictors of individual-level preparedness for natural disasters and trust in disaster assistance in the United States, 2024","volume":"140","author":"Blackburn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2330302","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2024.2330302","article-title":"Turning pain into strength: prosocial behaviour as a moderator between trauma and meaning-seeking","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2015.1137623","article-title":"The three meanings of meaning in life: distinguishing coherence, purpose, and significance","volume":"11","author":"Martela","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Posit Psychol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1037\/14040-012","article-title":"Searching for and finding meaning following personal and collective traumas","volume-title":"The psychology of meaning","author":"Silver","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429334","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2024.2429334","article-title":"Exploring meaning in life as a potential target for early intervention \u2013 results from a randomized trauma analogue study","volume":"15","author":"Seidel-Koulaxis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/00846724251329381","article-title":"The search for meaning in earthquake survivors: an existentially positive psychology perspective","volume":"47","author":"Aslan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Psychol Relig"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-015-9314-1","article-title":"The synergistic interplay between positive emotions and maximization enhances meaning in life: a study in a collectivist context","volume":"35","author":"Datu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1037\/hum0000055","article-title":"Ten prisoners on a search for meaning: a qualitative study of loss and growth during incarceration","volume":"45","author":"Vanhooren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Humanist Psychol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.02.007","article-title":"Into the unknown: a review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty","volume":"39","author":"Carleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.12.002","article-title":"Intolerance of uncertainty and DSM-5 PTSD symptoms: associations among a treatment seeking veteran sample","volume":"62","author":"Raines","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2023.102672","article-title":"Intolerance of uncertainty, posttraumatic stress, depression, and fears for the future among displaced refugees","volume":"94","author":"Nickerson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2018.06.005","article-title":"The influence of intolerance of uncertainty on anxiety: evidence from behavioral and neuroimaging research","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798418809201","article-title":"Intolerance of uncertainty mediates symptoms of PTSD and depression in African American veterans with comorbid PTSD and substance use disorders","volume":"44","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Black Psychol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.12.027","article-title":"Anxiety and decision-making","volume":"72","author":"Hartley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.11621\/pir.2018.0306","article-title":"Tolerance and intolerance for uncertainty as predictors of decision making and risk acceptance in gaming strategies of the Iowa gambling task","volume":"11","author":"Kornilova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Russ State Art"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2025.102979","article-title":"Choosing certainty over risk: associations of PTSD symptom severity with memory sampling during experiential decision making","volume":"110","author":"Verfaellie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s44304-024-00001-2","article-title":"Why do people not prepare for disasters? A national survey from China","volume":"1","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Nat Hazards"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2024.102490","article-title":"From dread to disorder: a meta-analysis of the impact of death anxiety on mental illness symptoms","volume":"113","author":"Menzies","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejtd.2025.100520","article-title":"Beyond the threshold: considering and exploring subthreshold PTSD and co-morbid mental health in a clinical military sample","volume":"9","author":"Biscoe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Dissociat"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507212","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1507212","article-title":"Mortality salience and helping intentions: mediating role of search for meaning and moderating role of negotiable fate","volume":"16","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.10976044","article-title":"Examination of death anxiety of earthquake victims in Turkey","volume":"4","author":"Akturk","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Soc Anal Health"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S496339","article-title":"How does mindfulness alleviate panic buying: the mediating role of social alienation and death anxiety","volume":"18","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79407","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079407","article-title":"Saving can save from death anxiety: mortality salience and financial decision-making","volume":"8","author":"Zaleskiewicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674263","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.674263","article-title":"Media exposure and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder following a mass traumatic event: an in-silico experiment","volume":"12","author":"Abdalla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01216-3","article-title":"Neural vulnerability and hurricane-related media are associated with post-traumatic stress in youth","volume":"5","author":"Dick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3459","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3459","article-title":"Anxiety, post-traumatic symptoms, media-induced secondary trauma, post-traumatic growth, and resilience among mental health workers during the Israel-Hamas war","volume":"40","author":"Dahan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113956","article-title":"Overwhelmed by the news: a longitudinal study of prior trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder trajectories, and news watching during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"278","author":"Solomon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/0739532919835612","article-title":"Journalists and mental health: the psychological toll of covering everyday trauma","volume":"40","author":"Seely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Newsp Res J"},{"key":"ref61","volume-title":"Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized","author":"Figley","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406467","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1406467","article-title":"Development and validation of the compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue questionnaire (CS-CFQ)","volume":"12","author":"Halamov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1080\/15205436.2021.1956543","article-title":"Fatigued by ongoing news issues? How repeated exposure to the same news issue affects the audience","volume":"25","author":"Gurr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mass Commun Soc"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.2307\/2285815","article-title":"The predictive sample reuse method with applications","volume":"70","author":"Geisser","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1108\/EJM-02-2019-0189","article-title":"Predictive model assessment in PLS-SEM: guidelines for using PLSpredict","volume":"53","author":"Shmueli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Mark"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"295","article-title":"The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling","volume-title":"Modern methods for business research","author":"Chin","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510903439003","article-title":"A comparison of approaches for the analysis of interaction effects between latent variables using partial least squares path modeling","volume":"17","author":"Henseler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.11.069","article-title":"Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis","volume":"109","author":"Hair","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bus Res"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"1","article-title":"Partial least squares structural equation modeling","volume-title":"Handbook of market research","author":"Sarstedt","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"399","article-title":"The impact of event scale\u2014revised","volume-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD","author":"Weiss","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-9066.180390","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Persian version of Templer death anxiety scale in family caregivers of cancer patients","volume":"21","author":"Soleimani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.53.1.80","article-title":"The meaning in life questionnaire: assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life","volume":"53","author":"Steger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894316","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.894316","article-title":"Intolerance of uncertainty scale-12: psychometric properties of this construct among Iranian undergraduate students","volume":"13","author":"Vadivel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000121","article-title":"Media exposure related to the 2008 Sichuan earthquake predicted probable PTSD among Chinese adolescents in Kunming, China: a longitudinal study","volume":"10","author":"Yeung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.4236\/jbise.2010.36079","article-title":"Ridge penalized logistical and ordinal partial least squares regression for predicting stroke deficit from infarct topography","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci Eng"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Les fondements de l\u2019usage des \u00e9quations structurelles dans les recherches en sciences de gestion: Cas de l\u2019approche PLS","volume":"3","author":"Bennaceur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revue Du contr\u00f4le, De La Comptabilit\u00e9 Et De l\u2019audit"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2753\/MTP1069-6679160402","article-title":"Structural equation modeling in marketing: some practical reminders","volume":"16","author":"Chin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mark Theory Pract"},{"key":"ref78","volume-title":"A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)","author":"Hair","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2307\/3151312","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Mark Res"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power","volume":"26","author":"Malterud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806","article-title":"Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis","volume":"11","author":"Braun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual Res Sport Exerc Health"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"527","article-title":"Terror management and marketing: he who dies with the most toys wins","volume-title":"Advances in consumer research","author":"Mandel","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00269","article-title":"Of wealth and death: materialism, mortality salience, and consumption behavior","volume":"11","author":"Kasser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/08961530.2021.1955425","article-title":"Online shopping therapy: if you want to be happy, shop around","volume":"34","author":"Zulauf","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int Consum Mark"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/15325020600685295","article-title":"Meaning making and growth: new directions for research on survivors of trauma","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Loss Trauma"},{"key":"ref89","volume-title":"Man\u2019s search for meaning: An introduction to Logotherapy","author":"Frankl","year":"1963"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22344","article-title":"Meaning and posttraumatic growth among survivors of the September 2013 Colorado floods","volume":"72","author":"Dursun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.crr.1550049","article-title":"Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: the development and application of situational crisis communication theory","volume":"10","author":"Coombs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Corp Reput Rev"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/1553118X.2016.1160401","article-title":"The scared, the outraged, and the anxious: how crisis emotions, involvement, and demographics predict publics\u2019 conative coping","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Strateg Commun"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000875","article-title":"The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: amplification of public health consequences by media exposure","volume":"39","author":"Garfin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48491","DOI":"10.2196\/48491","article-title":"News coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media and the public's negative emotions: computational study","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1177\/014662168801200410","article-title":"Set correlation and contingency tables","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1703071\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T13:01:27Z","timestamp":1771938087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1703071\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1703071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1703071","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"article-number":"1703071"}}