{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:23:50Z","timestamp":1792607030693,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-communicable diseases are a growing public health challenge, shaped not only by biological predispositions but also by geo-demographic, socioeconomic, psychological, and lifestyle factors. A comprehensive understanding of these determinants is essential for developing targeted public health strategies. This study aimed to examine the multifactorial determinants of individual health status by analyzing geo-demographic, socio-economic, behavioral, psychological, and lifestyle variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected from 4,010 participants (age: 37.2\u202f\u00b1\u202f15.4\u202fyears; 59.5% female) across 10 Mediterranean and neighboring countries using the multinational MEDIET4ALL e-survey. Health status was categorized as healthy, at-risk, or with diseases. Multinomial logistic regression, Quade\u2019s Rank ANCOVA and series of multiple regression models were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Collectively, around 25% of respondents declared to be at-risk of or with known disease. BMI emerged as the strongest negative predictor of health status (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.145), with both obesity and underweight significantly increasing the odds of being at risk (OR\u202f=\u202f1.8 and 5.2, respectively) and having diseases (OR\u202f=\u202f2.2 and 11.9, respectively). Other significant negative predictors included psychological distress (notably anxiety,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.091), insomnia (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.084), alcohol consumption (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.053), and prolonged sitting time (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.037). Conversely, life satisfaction was the strongest significant protective factor (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.066), followed by higher education, better sleep quality, and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and lifestyle (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.034 to 0.050). Socio-economic disparities, including employment status (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.045) and living environment (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.031), also significantly influenced health outcomes with rural environment and employed individual showing lower odd ratios of being at-risk and\/or having diseases (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f&amp;lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f0.001). Furthermore, individuals residing in Mediterranean regions, females, married or cohabiting individuals, and non-smokers exhibited significantly lower odds of being at-risk or having diseases (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u202f&amp;lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f0.05). While gender remained a significant predictor in the final refined comprehensive regression model (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.049), marital status lost significance, suggesting that its protective effect may be mediated by psychological well-being and health-related behaviors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the complex interplay of lifestyle, mental health, and socio-environmental factors in determining health outcomes, while emphasizing the urgent need for multi-level public health interventions, including policies promoting physical activity, healthy eating, mental well-being, and equitable healthcare access. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to establish causal relationships and guides preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1704240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:03:46Z","timestamp":1775801026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multifactorial determinants of health status: insights from the MEDIET4ALL large-scale survey on eco-sociodemographic, psychological, and lifestyle (diet, physical activity, and sleep) factors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Achraf","family":"Ammar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz","place":["Mainz, Germany"]},{"name":"Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University","place":["Nanterre, France"]},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan","place":["Amman, Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atef","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz","place":["Mainz, Germany"]},{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Ali","family":"Boujelbane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz","place":["Mainz, Germany"]},{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Trabelsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences and Sports Training, School of Sport Science, The University of Jordan","place":["Amman, Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassem","family":"Bouaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax (ISIMS), University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Kerkeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwa","family":"Masmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Heydenreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Leipzig University","place":["Leipzig, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana","family":"Schallhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Economics, Sociology, and History, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz","place":["Mainz, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz","place":["Mainz, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayse Merve","family":"Uyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz","place":["Mainz, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadeel Ali","family":"Ghazzawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan","place":["Amman, Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam Tawfiq","family":"Amawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences and Sports Training, School of Sport Science, The University of Jordan","place":["Amman, Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bekir Erhan","family":"Orhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul Ayd\u0131n University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania","place":["Catania, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Abdelkarim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Management, School of Business, ESLSCA University","place":["Giza, Egypt"]},{"name":"Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","place":["Karlsruhe, Germany"]},{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Assiut University","place":["Assiut, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarak","family":"Driss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University","place":["Nanterre, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kais","family":"El Abed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Zmijewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Debeaufort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Bioengineering, Institut Universitaire de Technologie IUT-Dijon-Auexrre-Nevers, University Burgundy Europe","place":["Dijon, France"]},{"name":"Joint Research Unit UMR PAM-Food Processing and Microbiology, Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasreddine","family":"Benbettaieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Bioengineering, Institut Universitaire de Technologie IUT-Dijon-Auexrre-Nevers, University Burgundy Europe","place":["Dijon, France"]},{"name":"Joint Research Unit UMR PAM-Food Processing and Microbiology, Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Poulain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Research Unit UMR PAM-Food Processing and Microbiology, Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitagora Innovation Cluster","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amparo","family":"Gamero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia","place":["Valencia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cuenca-Ortol\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia","place":["Valencia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia","place":["Valencia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Francesca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Food and Forest Sciences SAAF, University of Palermo","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta Maria","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences DiSTeM, University of Palermo","place":["Trapani, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Viola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Food and Forest Sciences SAAF, University of Palermo","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Lorenzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microtarians SIS, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019Impact Soci\u00e9tal","place":["Luxembourg, Luxembourg"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Filice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microtarians SIS, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019Impact Soci\u00e9tal","place":["Luxembourg, Luxembourg"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadjia","family":"Lahiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VALCORE Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of M\u2019hamed Bougara Boumerdes","place":["Boumerdes, Algeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taha","family":"Khaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Research Center C.R.Bt Constantine ALGERIA","place":["Constantine, Algeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafaa","family":"Souissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Boukhris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia"]},{"name":"Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Frias-Toral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo","place":["Samborond\u00f3n, Ecuador"]},{"name":"Division of Research, Texas State University","place":["San Marcos, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitham","family":"Jahrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Hospitals","place":["Manama, Bahrain"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University","place":["Manama, Bahrain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waqar","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad","place":["Islamabad, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Mahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax (ISIMS), University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamdi","family":"Chtourou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax","place":["Sfax, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang I.","family":"Sch\u00f6llhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz","place":["Mainz, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Health promotion and disease prevention knowledge gateway","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Obesity\u2013a heavy burden on Europe's health. European Commission report","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549141291S206","article-title":"The social determinants of health: it's time to consider the causes of the causes","volume":"129","author":"Braveman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32380-7","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and the 25\u2008\u00d7\u200825 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: a multicohort study and meta-analysis of 1\u00b77 million men and women","volume":"389","author":"Stringhini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.45","article-title":"Stress and cardiovascular disease","volume":"9","author":"Steptoe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0387-z","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in childhood-to-adulthood BMI tracking in three British birth cohorts","volume":"44","author":"Norris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570904","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1570904","article-title":"Gender-specific insights into adherence to Mediterranean diet and lifestyle: analysis of 4,000 responses from the MEDIET4ALL project","volume":"12","author":"Boujelbane","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352","article-title":"Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review","volume":"10","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/15598276211009454","article-title":"Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors: the power of social connection in prevention","volume":"15","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2012.08.007","article-title":"Marital status, health and mortality","volume":"73","author":"Robards","year":"2012","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-022-00685-9","article-title":"The differences by sex and gender in the relationship between urban greenness and Cardiometabolic health: a systematic review","volume":"99","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9000","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159000","article-title":"Motives and barriers related to physical activity within different types of built environments: implications for health promotion","volume":"19","author":"Pedersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003762","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them","volume":"22","author":"Monteiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30066-6","article-title":"City planning and population health: a global challenge","volume":"388","author":"Giles-Corti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61031-9","article-title":"Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide:an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy","volume":"380","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12107","article-title":"Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system","volume":"14","author":"Monteiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-12-112","article-title":"Definitions and potential health benefits of the Mediterranean diet: views from experts around the world","volume":"12","author":"Trichopoulou","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7823","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157823","article-title":"Physical activity for health and wellness","volume":"18","author":"Gualdi-Russo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"45","article-title":"Aging, physical activity, and neurocognitive function","author":"Kramer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychobiol PA"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2023.121322","article-title":"Global disease burden attributed to low physical activity in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: insights from the GBD 2019","volume":"40","author":"Ammar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c110025","article-title":"Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases","volume":"2","author":"Booth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2015.1022901","article-title":"A meta-meta-analysis of the effect of physical activity on depression and anxiety in non-clinical adult populations","volume":"9","author":"Rebar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30357-7","article-title":"Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1\u00b79 million participants","volume":"6","author":"Guthold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061583","article-title":"Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behaviour and physical activity: results of the ECLB-COVID19 international online survey","volume":"12","author":"Ammar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2020.96857","article-title":"Effects of home confinement on mental health and lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak: insights from the ECLB-COVID19 multicentre study","volume":"38","author":"Ammar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2021.101605","article-title":"Globally altered sleep patterns and physical activity levels by confinement in 5056 individuals: ECLB COVID-19 international online survey","volume":"38","author":"Trabelsi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01376-5","article-title":"The long-tail effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on Italians\u2019 quality of life, sleep and physical activity","volume":"9","author":"Natilli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11286","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111286","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sedentary time and behaviour in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Runacres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608318","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2025.1608318","article-title":"Unhealthy ultra-processed food consumption in children and adolescents living in the Mediterranean area: the DELICIOUS project","volume":"70","author":"Rosi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13333","article-title":"The Mediterranean diet and health:a comprehensive overview","volume":"290","author":"Guasch-Ferr\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a1344","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1344","article-title":"Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status:meta-analysis","volume":"337","author":"Sofi","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"The Mediterranean diet:a sustainable food consumption pattern. Mediterra 2016. Zero Waste in the Mediterranean","author":"Hachem","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17142280","article-title":"Exploring determinants of Mediterranean lifestyle adherence: findings from the multinational MEDIET4ALL e-survey across ten Mediterranean and neighboring countries","volume":"17","author":"Ammar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17213338","article-title":"Adherence to Mediterranean healthy lifestyle patterns and potential barriers: a comparative study of dietary habits, physical activity, and social participation between German and Turkish populations","volume":"17","author":"Ammar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"22","article-title":"Consumption of ultra-processed foods and cancer risk: results from NutriNet-sant\u00e9 prospective cohort","volume":"360","author":"Fiolet","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14152648","article-title":"Unhealthy ultra-processed food, diet quality and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in children and adolescents: the DELICIOUS project","volume":"14","author":"Giampieri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654645","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1654645","article-title":"Children's and adolescents' lifestyle factors associated with physical activity in five Mediterranean countries: the DELICIOUS project","volume":"13","author":"Rosi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12860","article-title":"Global trends in ultraprocessed food and drink product sales and their association with adult body mass index trajectories","volume":"20","author":"Vandevijvere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000316","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000316","article-title":"Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review","volume":"7","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-01024-y","article-title":"Stress and cardiovascular disease: an update","volume":"21","author":"Vaccarino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2688","article-title":"Association of Mental Disorders with Subsequent Chronic Physical Conditions: world mental health surveys from 17 countries","volume":"73","author":"Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2003.0049","article-title":"Social isolation and health, with an emphasis on underlying mechanisms","volume":"46","author":"Cacioppo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Perspect Biol Med"},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"Mapping of loneliness interventions in the EU","author":"Nurminen","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6237","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176237","article-title":"COVID-19 home confinement negatively impacts social participation and life satisfaction: a worldwide multicenter study","volume":"17","author":"Ammar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0240204","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240204","article-title":"Psychological consequences of COVID-19 home confinement: the ECLB-COVID19 multicenter study","volume":"15","author":"Ammar","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011766","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1011766","article-title":"Back to live: returning to in-person engagement with arts and culture in the Liverpool City region","volume":"13","author":"Anisimovich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115303","article-title":"Post-pandemic social behaviors: how COVID-19 reshaped community engagement and social participation","volume":"312","author":"Anisimovich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610222001107","article-title":"Changes in social lives and loneliness during COVID-19 among older adults: a closer look at the sociodemographic differences","volume":"35","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71146-6","article-title":"Social determinants of health inequalities","volume":"365","author":"Marmot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"Closing the gap in a Generation: Health Equity through action on the social Determinants of Health. Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"A Conceptual Framework for action on the social Determinants of Health","author":"Solar","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060231187511","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mediterranean diet adherence: a narrative systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Farrugia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Health"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11141994","article-title":"Change of dietary and lifestyle habits during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in Cyprus: an analysis of two observational studies","volume":"11","author":"Kyprianidou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ckae144.643","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckae144.643","article-title":"A transnational movement to support the sustainable transition towards a healthy and eco-friendly Agri-food system through the promotion of MEDIET and its lifestyle in modern society: MEDIET4ALL","volume":"34","author":"Ammar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pub Health"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596681","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1596681","article-title":"Regional variations in Mediterranean diet adherence: a sociodemographic and lifestyle analysis across Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean regions within the MEDIET4ALL project","volume":"13","author":"Boujelbane","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.10.2.176","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample","volume":"10","author":"Antony","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","article-title":"The satisfaction with life scale","volume":"49","author":"Diener","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4758","article-title":"Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of sleep medicine and Sleep Research Society","volume":"11","author":"Watson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the insomnia severity index as an outcome measure for insomnia research","volume":"2","author":"Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-115","article-title":"Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire Short form (IPAQ-SF): a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e019033","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019033","article-title":"Evaluation of Mediterranean diet adherence scores: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Zaragoza-Mart\u00ed","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980014001360","article-title":"Design and development of an instrument to measure overall lifestyle habits for epidemiological research: the Mediterranean lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index","volume":"18","author":"Sotos-Prieto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011002515","article-title":"Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates","volume":"14","author":"Bach-Faig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9139","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7115459","article-title":"Definition of the Mediterranean diet: a literature review","volume":"7","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/42.1.92","article-title":"A comparison of young, middle-aged, and older adult treatment-seeking pathological gamblers","volume":"42","author":"Petry","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0707519","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries","volume":"358","author":"Mackenbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"Mediterranean food consumption patterns: diet, environment, society, economy and health. A white paper priority 5 of feeding knowledge Programme, expo Milan 2015","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/19320240903337041","article-title":"Food systems and public health disparities","volume":"4","author":"Neff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hunger Environ Nutr"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-024-01109-4","article-title":"Governance and resilience as entry points for transforming food systems in the countdown to 2030","volume":"6","author":"Schneider","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Food"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.596955","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Grosso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab316","article-title":"Environmental risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive expert review","volume":"118","author":"M\u00fcnzel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32594-7","article-title":"The 2018 report of the lancet countdown on health and climate change: shaping the health of nations for centuries to come","volume":"392","author":"Watts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00520-X","article-title":"Smoking and gender","volume":"53","author":"Bolego","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"16","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and gender gap in cardiovascular disease mortality in Russia","volume":"3","author":"Razvodovsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"ARC J Addiction"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1177\/089826430101300203","article-title":"The effect of widowhood on weight change, dietary intake, and eating behavior in the elderly population","volume":"13","author":"Shahar","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2023.10.017","article-title":"Association of cardiovascular health with risk of incident depression and anxiety","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2017.1364885","article-title":"Mental health and chronic diseases: a challenge to be faced from a new perspective","volume":"29","author":"Carta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e250114","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.0114","article-title":"Trajectories of sleep duration, sleep onset timing, and continuous glucose monitoring in adults","volume":"8","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321896","article-title":"Sleep problems and risk of all-cause cognitive decline or dementia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.08.006","article-title":"Short sleep duration and health outcomes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"32","author":"Itani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e367","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000444","article-title":"Sleep duration and quality: impact on lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"134","author":"St-Onge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800389","article-title":"Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts","volume":"378","author":"Estruch","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003003","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003003","article-title":"Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a better health-related quality of life: a possible role of high dietary antioxidant content","volume":"3","author":"Bonaccio","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323752","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2323752","article-title":"A modified Mediterranean-style diet enhances brain function via specific gut-microbiome-brain mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60735-1","article-title":"Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?","volume":"380","author":"Bauman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30370-1","article-title":"Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonized meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women","volume":"388","author":"Ekelund","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30175-1","article-title":"Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents","volume":"388","author":"Di Angelantonio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05485","article-title":"Inflammation and metabolic disorders","volume":"444","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2025.108011","article-title":"Alcohol, smoking, and their synergy as risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes","volume":"69","author":"Paz-Graniel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21224","article-title":"Social connection as a critical factor for mental and physical health: evidence, trends, challenges, and future implications","volume":"23","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12197","article-title":"A new model of the role of psychological and emotional distress in promoting obesity: conceptual review with implications for treatment and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Hemmingsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.05.003","article-title":"The descriptive epidemiology of sitting: a 20-country comparison using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)","volume":"41","author":"Bauman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref97","volume-title":"Joint-paper: towards an EU strategic framework for the prevention of NCDs","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.06.012","article-title":"Chronic disease and mental disorder","volume":"60","author":"Verhaak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref99","volume-title":"Health at a Glance 2021: OECD Indicators","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.07.040","article-title":"Association between urbanization and metabolic syndrome in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Nsabimana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01322-5","article-title":"Sexual and reproductive health education and its association with ever use of contraception: a cross-sectional study among women in urban slums","volume":"19","author":"Seidu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Accra Reprod Health"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/08870449808407424","article-title":"The emergence and implementation of health goals","volume":"13","author":"Gollwitzer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.04.003","article-title":"Immune dysfunction as a cause and consequence of malnutrition","volume":"37","author":"Bourke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2024.105467","article-title":"Longitudinal association between body mass index (BMI), BMI trajectories and the risk of frailty among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"124","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2021.108365","article-title":"Relationships among smoking, oxidative stress, inflammation, macromolecular damage, and cancer","volume":"787","author":"Caliri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz078","article-title":"Smoking, drinking, diet and physical activity-modifiable lifestyle risk factors and their associations with age to first chronic disease","volume":"49","author":"Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/biom6020020","article-title":"Multi-organ alcohol-related damage: mechanisms and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Osna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010108","article-title":"Benefits and risks of moderate alcohol consumption on cardiovascular disease: current findings and controversies","volume":"12","author":"Chiva-Blanch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/ajs4.223","article-title":"Beware the \u201cloneliness gap\u201d? Examining emerging inequalities and long-term risks of loneliness and isolation emerging from COVID-19","volume":"57","author":"Patulny","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aust J Soc Issues"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1704240\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:03:49Z","timestamp":1775801029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1704240\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":109,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1704240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1704240","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"article-number":"1704240"}}