{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:42:35Z","timestamp":1790088155216,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The anticipated rise in dementia cases across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, particularly the staggering 1795% projected increase in the United Arab Emirates by 2050, underscores an urgent need for community-based training for informal caregivers and professional training for formal caregivers. This scoping review mapped the evidence on dementia caregiving training for informal and formal caregivers in this region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was adopted. Four electronic databases were searched from inception to April 2025. Two authors independently screened and extracted data. The PAGER framework was employed to collate and critique the findings, identify advances and gaps, discuss evidence for practice, and suggest recommendations for practice and research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten included studies reported training for informal caregivers, including educational programs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f5) and psychosocial trainings (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f7) (i.e., psychoeducation, counselling and psychotherapy, multicomponent interventions, and miscellaneous interventions). Only two included studies reported training (i.e., educational program) for formal caregivers. There appeared to be a scarcity of evidence on dementia caregiving training for informal and formal caregivers in the MENA region, and the training was skewed toward educational programs. The evaluations focused on a deficit-based perspective (i.e., burden and stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety) that primarily focused on the caregivers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings provided insights into dementia caregiving training for informal and formal caregivers in the MENA region. Further research on systematic reviews to evaluate overall training effectiveness is warranted. Additionally, studies evaluating culturally relevant psychosocial interventions, particularly those focus on strength-based outcomes (e.g., positive aspects of caregiving, caregiving confidence, and social support) to inform practice, are highly recommended. Furthermore, validation of region-specific measurement tools should be a priority.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/UA9E3<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1719399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T06:52:12Z","timestamp":1772175132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Training and support for dementia caregivers in the Middle East and North Africa region: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jackie Hoi Man","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology","place":["Dubai, United Arab Emirates"]},{"name":"Division of Nursing, School of Humanity, Social Sciences & Health, University of Wollongong in Dubai","place":["Dubai, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia D.","family":"Alhaddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheikh Khalife General Hospital","place":["Umm Al Quwain, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline Maria","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah","place":["Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Dementia: key facts","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-01051-w","article-title":"Dementia is a neglected noncommunicable disease and leading cause of death","volume":"21","author":"Arthurton","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105\u201325","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00294-8","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-025-00833-8","article-title":"Expert guidance on cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease: a practical seven-step approach from the United Arab Emirates","volume":"14","author":"Alsaadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Eisai\u2019s approach to U.S. pricing for Leqembi\u2122 (lecanemab), a treatment for early Alzheimer\u2019s disease, sets forth our concept of \u2018societal value of medicine\u2019 in relation to \u2018price of medicine","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e253","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa207","article-title":"Person-centered Care in Persons Living with Dementia: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020616","article-title":"Neuroinflammation: a potential risk for dementia","volume":"23","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"World Alzheimer report 2023: Reducing dementia risk: Never too early, never too late","author":"Long","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"igac005","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igac005","article-title":"Are interventions for formal caregivers effective for improving dementia care? 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