{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:18:46Z","timestamp":1772824726996,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the child protective services (CPS) globally, resulting in increased risks of violence against children (VAC). This study aims to assess the perceived impact of COVID-19 on CPS operations by CPS professionals from health, social, law enforcement, and educational sectors in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 2021 and June 2022 among 257 CPS professionals from health, social, law enforcement, and educational sectors in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire, developed with oversight by WHO, covered nine domains: violence trends, reporting and documentation, response and follow-up, legislation, resources, staff preparedness, prevention programs, knowledge, and challenges. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Cram\u00e9r\u2019s V tests, while qualitative data were examined thematically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health sector professionals more frequently reported marked increases in the number of reported VAC cases and their severity compared to non-health participants. The results have shown limited change in reporting systems, with the exception of a few newly introduced mechanisms. Staff training, crisis preparedness, and digital infrastructure were insufficient, with limited remote follow-up. Qualitative findings highlighted family stress, financial hardship, and social isolation as risk factors. Major challenges included reduced case accessibility, weak inter-agency coordination, and inadequate protective measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study, conducted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia, reveals the need to further develop some aspects of CPS emergency preparedness. Strengthening intersectoral collaboration, investing in digital tools, enhancing staff training, and promoting community awareness are essential to ensure the resilience of CPS during similar future situations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1749813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:36:58Z","timestamp":1772804218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child protective services in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Majid","family":"Aleissa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norah","family":"Alhowaish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wseemah","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz S.","family":"Alangari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naila A.","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Abdelhamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Rita","family":"Ronzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dalia Gaber Sos","family":"Boles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Sakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-023-01449-1","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence against children: a narrative review","volume":"25","author":"Mojahed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000180","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2017-000180","article-title":"Who perpetrates violence against children? 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