{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T01:42:59Z","timestamp":1789782179363,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is increasingly prevalent among adolescents, leading to psychological, social, and academic challenges. Yoga has demonstrated benefits in stress reduction, emotional regulation, attentional control, and overall well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an eight-week Integrated Yoga Module in reducing Internet Gaming Disorder symptoms and associated psychological distress among adolescents in a school setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this randomized controlled trial, 120 adolescents meeting criteria for IGD were allocated to either yoga group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f60) or a control group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f60) that continued routine academic activities. Assessments were conducted at baseline and post-intervention using the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS-20), Parental Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (PIGDS), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHO QOL-BREF), UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Mind Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ). Data were analyzed using mixed factorial ANOVA with Group (yoga vs. control) as the between-subjects factor and Time (pre vs. post) as the within-subjects factor, with Bonferroni-adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      comparisons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant Group \u00d7 Time interactions were observed across all IGDS symptom domains (salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), indicating greater reductions in the yoga group relative to controls. A interaction effect was also observed for parent-reported IGD severity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Significant interaction effects favoring the yoga group were found for internet addiction, depression, anxiety, stress, quality of life (physical, psychological, social, and environment domains), loneliness, and mind wandering (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). No significant between-group differences were observed at baseline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An eight-week Integrated Yoga practice demonstrated significant improvements in IGD symptoms, emotional distress, quality of life, and cognitive\u2013emotional functioning compared with a control group. Yoga may represent a feasible and scalable complementary intervention for adolescents with IGD. Future trials incorporating active comparators and long-term follow-up are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>http:\/\/ctri.nic.in\/Clinicaltrials\/login.php<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , Identifier (CTRI\/2022\/06\/043063).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1750580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T13:04:56Z","timestamp":1772456696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of an eight-week yoga program on adolescents with Internet Gaming Disorder in an Indian school setting: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nagalakshmi S.","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (SVYASA)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghavendra","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (SVYASA)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]},{"name":"Department of Yoga, Central University of Rajasthan","place":["Ajmer, Rajasthan, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, SHUT Clinic (Service for Healthy Use of Technology), National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-011-9318-5","article-title":"Internet gaming addiction: a systematic review of empirical research","volume":"10","author":"Kuss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.03.006","article-title":"The cognitive psychology of internet gaming disorder","volume":"34","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5TM","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics (11th revision)","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2020.22.2\/aweinstein","article-title":"Neurobiological mechanisms underlying internet gaming disorder","volume":"22","author":"Weinstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00166","article-title":"Neurobiological correlates in internet gaming disorder: a systematic literature review","volume":"9","author":"Kuss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6542","DOI":"10.3390\/IJERPH20156542","article-title":"A psychoanalytic approach to internet gaming disorder","volume":"20","author":"Floros","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1037\/ADB0000960","article-title":"Network structures of internet gaming disorder and gaming disorder: symptom operationalization causes variation","volume":"38","author":"Adamkovi\u010d","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06072-9","article-title":"Factor analysis of impulsivity in gaming disorder and internet gaming disorder","volume":"24","author":"Raybould","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1017\/IPM.2023.36","article-title":"Neuroimaging findings in adolescent gaming disorder: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Khor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ir J Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.06.049","article-title":"The prevalence and possible risk factors of internet gaming disorder among adolescents and young adults: systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"154","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21060700","article-title":"Meta-analysis of internet gaming disorder prevalence: assessing the impacts of DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnostic criteria","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114633","article-title":"Effectiveness of multimodal psychotherapeutic intervention for internet gaming disorder","volume":"314","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.4103\/IJOY.IJOY_47_23","article-title":"An integrated yoga and cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for managing excessive use of internet among the youth: a case series","volume":"16","author":"Tadpatrikar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2341","article-title":"Cognitive\u2013behavioral therapy for internet gaming disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Stevens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/fct.12080","article-title":"Yoga for addictions: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Posadzki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Focus Altern Complement Ther"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1089\/ACM.2015.0057","article-title":"Yoga as a therapeutic intervention: a bibliometric analysis of published research studies from 1967 to 2013","volume":"21","author":"Jeter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000218","article-title":"Yoga and cognition: a meta-analysis of chronic and acute effects","volume":"77","author":"Gothe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.08.004","article-title":"Mindfulness mediates the physiological markers of stress: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Pascoe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565372","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1565372","article-title":"A network meta-analysis of mind\u2013body exercise interventions for internet addiction symptoms in young adults","volume":"13","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100486","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AIMED.2025.100486","article-title":"Development, validation, and feasibility of integrated yoga module for internet gaming disorder among adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Rao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Integr Med"},{"key":"ref22","author":"Urbaniak","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e110137","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0110137","article-title":"The conceptualisation and measurement of DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: the development of the IGD-20 test","volume":"9","author":"Pontes","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1089\/CYBER.2018.0456","article-title":"Accordance of adolescent and parental ratings of internet gaming disorder and their associations with psychosocial aspects","volume":"22","author":"Wartberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/CPB.1998.1.237","article-title":"Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder","volume":"1","author":"Young","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/S12098-010-0041-1","article-title":"Validation of WHO QOL-BREF instrument in Indian adolescents","volume":"77","author":"Agnihotri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3389\/FPSYG.2013.00560","article-title":"Young and restless: validation of the mind-wandering questionnaire (MWQ) reveals disruptive impact of mind-wandering for youth","volume":"4","author":"Mrazek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA6601_2","article-title":"UCLA loneliness scale (version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure","volume":"66","author":"Russell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2024.00024","article-title":"Mindfulness programs for problematic usage of the internet: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Fendel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.04.002","article-title":"Treatment of internet gaming disorder: an international systematic review and CONSORT evaluation","volume":"54","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.22514\/jomh.2025.003","article-title":"The moderating role of mindfulness in the relationship between threat appraisal and negative emotions in male elite footballers","volume":"21","author":"Solmaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Mens Health"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21582440251323673","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440251323673","article-title":"Enhancing subjective well-being in young professional athletes: the role of self-esteem and perceived social support in moderating neuroticism","volume":"15","author":"Solmaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116425","article-title":"Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on addictive symptoms in individuals with internet gaming disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"348","author":"Reangsing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1750580\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T13:04:57Z","timestamp":1772456697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1750580\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1750580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1750580","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"article-number":"1750580"}}