{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:22:00Z","timestamp":1789050120038,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the global prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, relatively little is known regarding its association with osteoporosis in older adults. This study investigated the potential impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on bone health or osteoporosis risk in adults aged 55\u202fyears and older in Beijing, China, while also exploring additional factors that may influence this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted at Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China, between August and December 2024. Patients aged \u2265 55\u202fyears with SARS-CoV-2 infections were included. Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, diet, serum contents of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-VD), and other potential risk factors for osteoporosis were collected through structured questionnaires. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To identify the variables associated with osteoporosis, logistic regression analysis was employed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three hundred and eighty-eight patients were enrolled, comprising 272 individuals with a single SARS-CoV-2 infection and 116 with two or more infections. The results revealed that individuals who had reinfection revealed a considerably higher prevalence of osteoporosis (48.3% vs. 17.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001). This trend was consistent across different skeletal sites: 33.6% vs. 7.4% at the left hip, 37.9% vs. 5.5% at the right hip (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001), and 30.2% vs. 12.9% at the lumbar spine (L1\u2013L4) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001). SARS-CoV-2 reinfection remained substantially associated with osteoporosis after controlling for con-founding variables, with an OR of 3.08 (95% CI: 1.696\u20135.593).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In summary, the risk of osteoporosis among individuals with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection should be carefully monitored, and greater emphasis should be placed on early, individualized prevention and treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1758835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:23:01Z","timestamp":1771478581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection on bone health in the population over 55\u202fyears old in Beijing, China: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimeng","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cuigezhuang Community Health Service Center","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cuigezhuang Community Health Service Center","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xieyuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"238","article-title":"Osteoporosis: common questions and answers","volume":"107","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Fam 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