{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:42:05Z","timestamp":1773769325776,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from the Lanzhou Birth Cohort in China, this study examined the associations between prenatal exposure to vanadium (V) and lead (Pb)\u2014both individually and jointly\u2014and the risk of neonatal congenital heart defects (CHDs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This birth cohort study, conducted in Lanzhou, China, included 97 mother-newborn pairs assigned to the case group and 194 pairs serving as controls (1:2 ratio). Maternal blood concentrations of V and Pb were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between prenatal V and Pb exposure levels and the risk of neonatal CHDs and specific subtypes. Interaction effects were further assessed using both additive and multiplicative models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Maternal blood V concentrations were positively correlated with Pb levels. Higher maternal blood V levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of CHDs in offspring (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005), including isolated CHDs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025), multiple CHDs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.013), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025), and atrial septal defects (ASDs,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003). Similarly, elevated maternal blood Pb levels were linked to a higher risk of CHDs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), encompassing isolated CHDs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002), multiple CHDs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002), PDA (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), ASDs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.048), and ventricular septal defects (VSDs,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.015). Combined prenatal exposure to elevated V and Pb levels demonstrated a significant association with CHDs risk (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal whole blood levels of V and Pb in late pregnancy, whether considered individually or jointly, were significantly associated with an increased risk of CHDs in the offspring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1758836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:38:18Z","timestamp":1773758298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prenatal exposure to vanadium and lead and its impact on the risk of congenital heart defects in neonates: evidence from the Lanzhou Birth Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangsen","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities","place":["Baise, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China"]},{"name":"School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinjuan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingyang Second People's Hospital","place":["Qingyang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, 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