{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:19:53Z","timestamp":1790871593614,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the characteristics and risk factors of postoperative pneumonia (POP) in emergency surgery at tertiary general hospitals, aiming to provide scientific evidence for early screening of high-risk populations and optimization of POP prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was performed on POP data from emergency and elective surgery patients between 2015 and 2024. Infection characteristics were compared between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 399,347 surgical patients, 2,478 (0.62%) developed POP. The incidence of POP was significantly higher in emergency surgery (2.28%) than in elective surgery (0.53%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Emergency surgery departments with the highest POP incidence were neurosurgery (18.30%), cardiovascular surgery (12.24%), and thoracic surgery (9.04%). Predominant pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria, followed by fungi and Gram-positive bacteria. The detection rate of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) was significantly higher in emergency surgery than in elective surgery (42.19% vs. 32.90%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u202f0.001), with the most common MDROs being pandrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (PDR-AB), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and pandrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (PDR-PA). Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative hospitalization duration of 6\u201348\u202fh was a protective factor for POP in emergency surgery; male sex, age \u226560\u202fyears, admission to ICU, ASA score \u22653, general anesthesia, surgical duration \u22653\u202fh, and intraoperative blood loss &amp;gt;1,000\u202fmL were independent risk factors (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u202f0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emergency surgery carries a significantly higher risk of POP than elective surgery. Special attention should be paid to patients undergoing neurosurgery, cardiovascular surgery, and thoracic surgery. For patients with identified risk factors, enhanced perioperative management and individualized preventive strategies are essential to reduce POP incidence and improve emergency surgery outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1770408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T06:40:54Z","timestamp":1771569654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characteristics and risk factors of postoperative pneumonia after emergency surgery in tertiary general hospitals (2015\u20132024): a 10-year comparative analysis with elective surgery"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Disease Control and Prevention, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuxing Road Outpatient Department, Jingnan Medical District of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenghao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control and Prevention, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingmei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control and Prevention, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control and Prevention, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control and Prevention, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2012.05.013","article-title":"Association of postoperative pulmonary complications with delayed mobilisation following major abdominal surgery: an observational cohort study","volume":"99","author":"Haines","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3321\/j.issn:1005-4529.2007.10.052","article-title":"Research progress on postoperative pneumonia","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin J Nosocomiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1674-2397.2018.01.003","article-title":"Expert consensus on prevention and control of postoperative pneumonia","volume":"11","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Infect 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