{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:47:27Z","timestamp":1785822447834,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Long COVID syndrome in university students during the post-pandemic era, providing evidence for developing prevention strategies and rehabilitation plans for COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort study was conducted in November 2023, recruiting students from a university in Nanjing for baseline investigations. Demographic characteristics, vaccination history, infection history, and venous blood samples were collected to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibody levels. For individuals with prior COVID-19 infections, Long COVID syndrome status was assessed 1\u202fyear post-infection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify influencing factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 246 participants (mean age: 21.88\u202f\u00b1\u202f2.06\u202fyears; 65.04% female). Median SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM levels were 16.500 (105.000, 239.000) AU\/ml and 0.095 (0.053, 0.183) AU\/ml, respectively. Among 246 participants with prior COVID-19 infection, 82 (33.33%) developed Long COVID syndrome, with alopecia (36.59%), memory decline (28.05%), and sleep disturbances (28.05%) being the most prevalent symptoms. Multivariate analysis revealed that, compared to the non-Long COVID group, depressive symptoms may be positively associated with Long COVID syndrome (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f8.235,\n                      <jats:italic>95%CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 3.478\u201319.500).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of Long COVID syndrome among university students is comparable to that of the general population. A bidirectional relationship may exist between depressive symptoms and Long COVID syndrome, warranting increased clinical and public health attention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1771458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:38:49Z","timestamp":1785821929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of Long COVID syndrome among university students in the post-pandemic era"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Songqing","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingma","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongqiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjun","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project Implementation Office of Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.p1041","article-title":"Covid-19: WHO declares end of global health emergency","volume":"381","author":"Wise","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-022-01283-5","article-title":"Achieving the sustainable development goals in the post-pandemic era","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Humanit Soc Sci Commun"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003564","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003564","article-title":"How will COVID-19 transform global health post-pandemic? Defining research and investment opportunities and priorities","volume":"18","author":"Reid","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.20282\/j.cnki.1006-4141.2025.01.01","article-title":"Yunnan expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of venous thrombosis in post COVID-19 infection syndrome","volume":"46","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Pharm Yunnan"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.19435\/j.1672-1721.2024.05.008","article-title":"Research on infectious disease prevention and control strategies in university hospitals in the post-pandemic era","volume":"28","author":"W","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Forum"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn101441-20210420-00179","article-title":"Effect of maternal depression in assisted reproductive techonology on offspring's premature delivery and low birth weight","volume":"42","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Reprod Contracept"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1005-3611.2008.03.012","article-title":"Factorial structure of the CES-D scale among Chinese high school students","volume":"16","author":"Ling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"24","article-title":"Efficacy of online problem management plus intervention for anxiety among adults in China: a randomized controlled study","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1360\/tb-2024-1076","article-title":"Long COVID: the facts, evidence, and the underlying mechanisms","volume":"70","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin Sci Bull"},{"key":"ref10","year":""},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.19871\/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2024.01.016","article-title":"Expert consensus on clinical diagnosis and treatment of Long COVID syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electron J Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1384","article-title":"Meta-analysis on the incidence of long COVID in omicron-infected patients","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Infect Control"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101218","article-title":"Long COVID facts and findings: a large-scale online survey in 74,075 Chinese participants","volume":"52","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.12114\/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0920","article-title":"Investigation on risk factors and main symptoms of long COVID and their influences on the follow-up research","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.2095-7130.2025.01.062","article-title":"Research hotspots and current status of long COVID-induced insomnia based on bibliometrics and visualization analysis","volume":"12","author":"Quan","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03655-x","article-title":"SSRI use during acute COVID-19 and risk of long COVID among patients with depression","volume":"22","author":"Butzin-Dozier","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0312351","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312351","article-title":"Prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and suicide tendency among individual with long-COVID and determinants: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Bidhendi-Yarandi","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114924","article-title":"Long-COVID and comorbid depression and anxiety two years into the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"317","author":"Rudenstine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1771458\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:38:55Z","timestamp":1785821935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1771458\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1771458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1771458","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"article-number":"1771458"}}