{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:05:17Z","timestamp":1777863917191,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between night shift work and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk and evaluate the interacting role of genetic susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective cohort study included 252,425 participants from the UK Biobank for current night shift analysis and 67,097 for lifetime exposure. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the relationship between various shift patterns and CKD incidence. Formal interaction analyses (additive and multiplicative scales) and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Reporting followed STROBE guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to those who never or rarely worked night shifts, permanent night shift workers had a significantly higher CKD risk (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06\u20131.34). Lifetime analyses revealed significant associations between incident CKD risk and duration, frequency, shift length, and consecutive shifts. Participants with high genetic risk and permanent night shift exposure had the highest CKD risk (HR 2.49, 95% CI 2.07\u20132.99). Potential interactions between genetic susceptibility and specific night shift patterns were suggested (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the robustness of these associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Night shift work\u2014particularly permanent schedules and adverse shift patterns\u2014increases the risk of CKD, especially among individuals with high genetic predisposition. Optimizing shift schedules may help reduce CKD incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1772746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:33:29Z","timestamp":1777527209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between night shift work, genetic risk, and chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study based on the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qianchun","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou","place":["Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Shulan Hangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Shulan Hangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duo","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangfei","family":"Shou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Shulan Hangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xishao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8","article-title":"Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31694-5","article-title":"Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016-40 for 195 countries and territories","volume":"392","author":"Foreman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","volume":"105","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00367-2","article-title":"Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.24875\/RMIMSS.M20000035","volume":"58","author":"L\u00f3pez-Heydeck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111323","article-title":"Genetic impact on the association of sleep patterns and chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study of 157,175 UK Biobank participants","volume":"169","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad101","article-title":"Management of traditional risk factors for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease","volume":"16","author":"Lo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2025.114822","article-title":"Impact of artificial light at night and night shift work on brain functions and metabolism","volume":"373","author":"Korf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol."},{"key":"B9","volume-title":"Working Time and the Future of Work","author":"Messenger","year":"2018"},{"key":"B10","unstructured":"A time to work: recent trends in shift work and flexible schedules\n          \n          3\n          15\n          \n            \n              McMenamin\n              TM\n            \n          \n          Mon Lab Rev.\n          130\n          2007"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.151978","article-title":"Association between sleep disturbance and metabolic dysfunctions in adipose tissue: insights into melatonin's role","volume":"770","author":"Ratwani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6738","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18136738","article-title":"The impact of different types of shift work on blood pressure and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Madeira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1933","article-title":"Night shift work, genetic risk, and type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank","volume":"41","author":"Vetter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70172","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70172","article-title":"Comparing the health impacts of fixed night and rotating shift work: an umbrella review of meta-analyses","volume":"35","author":"Cho","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2025-110191","article-title":"Rotating shift work, with night shift work, affects cardiovascular risk factors: a 6-year follow-up study in the insulation industry","volume":"82","author":"Skogstad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.053512","article-title":"Considerations of circadian impact for defining \u2018shift work' in cancer studies: IARC Working Group Report","volume":"68","author":"Stevens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/1048291118758460","article-title":"Work and female breast cancer: the state of the evidence, 2002\u20132017","volume":"28","author":"Engel","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Solut."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2010.02714.x","article-title":"Industry-based retrospective cohort study of the risk of prostate cancer among rotating-shift workers","volume":"18","author":"Kubo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Urol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf774.","article-title":"Night shift work and its interaction with sleep duration and chronotype, and risk of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic diseases in the UK Biobank","author":"Tran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK Biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"Bycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0407-x","article-title":"A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals","volume":"51","author":"Wuttke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2008.12.008","article-title":"Comparing measures of model selection for penalized splines in Cox models","volume":"53","author":"Malloy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput Stat Data Anal."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.013136","article-title":"Smoothing in occupational cohort studies: an illustration based on penalised splines","volume":"61","author":"Eisen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9259","article-title":"Using fractional polynomials and restricted cubic splines to model non-proportional hazards or time-varying covariate effects in the Cox regression model","volume":"41","author":"Austin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020111599","article-title":"Polygenic risk scores for kidney function and their associations with circulating proteome, and incident kidney diseases","volume":"32","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40557-017-0194-8","article-title":"Association between shift work and microalbuminuria: data from KNHANES (2012-2014)","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3182a299c9","article-title":"Association between shiftwork and glomerular filtration rate in police officers","volume":"55","author":"Charles","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k4641","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4641","article-title":"Rotating night shift work and adherence to unhealthy lifestyle in predicting risk of type 2 diabetes: results from two large US cohorts of female nurses","volume":"363","author":"Shan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.166","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney","volume":"40","author":"Ohashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertens Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F519","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00135.2024","article-title":"The mineralocorticoid receptor in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"327","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S321","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935304","article-title":"Circadian disruption as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders - from animal models to human population","volume":"73","author":"Sumov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-022-01854-8","article-title":"Cardiometabolic traits mediate the association of past shift work and chronic kidney disease: the Dongfeng\u2013Tongji cohort study","volume":"95","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.IJOEM_53_16","article-title":"Healthy worker effect phenomenon: revisited with emphasis on statistical methods \u2013 a review","volume":"21","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520802106835","article-title":"Do permanent night workers show circadian adjustment? A review based on the endogenous melatonin rhythm","volume":"25","author":"Folkard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2015.12.048","article-title":"Association of short sleep duration and rapid decline in renal function","volume":"89","author":"McMullan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2025.03.042","article-title":"Effect of sleep characteristics on rapid estimated GFR decline in adults with normal kidney function","volume":"10","author":"Akbari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387430","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2024.2387430","article-title":"Insomnia and sleep duration for kidney function: Mendelian randomization study","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ren Fail."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-020-01868-x","article-title":"Relationship between trajectory of sleep quality and short-term changes in residual renal function in stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"24","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15389","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15389","article-title":"Effects of sleep deprivation and 4-7-8 breathing control on heart rate variability, blood pressure, blood glucose, and endothelial function in healthy young adults","volume":"10","author":"Vierra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol Rep."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556784","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1556784","article-title":"Effects of sleep deprivation on heart rate variability: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e272","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1782173","article-title":"Sleep debt and insulin resistance: what's worse, sleep deprivation or sleep restriction?","volume":"17","author":"Souza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Sci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101788","article-title":"The interrelationship between sleep, diet, and glucose metabolism","volume":"69","author":"St-Onge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14101218","article-title":"Exogenous melatonin attenuates sleep restriction-induced kidney injury via gut microbiota-derived propionate in mice","volume":"14","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55014","DOI":"10.2196\/55014","article-title":"Multimorbidity and its associated factors in Korean shift workers: population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2013.11.003","article-title":"Sex differences in circadian timing systems: implications for disease","volume":"35","author":"Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14692","article-title":"Sex differences in circadian endocrine rhythms: clinical implications","volume":"52","author":"Nicolaides","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3109\/07420521003749956","article-title":"Consequences of shiftworking on sleep duration, sleepiness, and sleep attacks","volume":"27","author":"Ohayon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e074216","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-074216","article-title":"Advances in the management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"383","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-025-00931-8","article-title":"Risk-directed management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"21","author":"Blum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.12138","article-title":"Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"328","author":"Chou","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246","article-title":"Comparison of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of UK Biobank participants with those of the general population","volume":"186","author":"Fry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1772746\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:33:31Z","timestamp":1777527211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1772746\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1772746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1772746","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"article-number":"1772746"}}