{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:59:12Z","timestamp":1789750752018,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004478","name":"Beijing Union University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002888","name":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population aging is a pressing global public health challenge. In aging-concentrated urban central areas, accelerated population aging has worsened the mismatch between supply and demand, irrational spatial layout, and inadequate accessibility of older adult care resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To improve public service equity, this study took Beijing\u2019s central urban area as the research object. Using data from the 2018 Beijing Special Census on Targeted Assistance for older adults and the 2020 Full-Coverage Census of older adult care Facilities, facility accessibility was evaluated using an improved Ga2SFCA method. The number of required facilities was determined via K-means clustering combined with the elbow rule, and optimal locations was verified using particle swarm optimization and remote sensing images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed that: (1) Accessibility of older adult care facilities was spatially imbalanced, with some areas lacking coverage or only having single-type facilities. (2) Community service stations were the most accessible, especially in Dongcheng and Xicheng districts; older adult care centers had the lowest accessibility; while older adult care institutions performed better in peripheral zones.(3) We proposed an optimal allocation plan with 16 new facilities in underserved residential areas with high concentrations of older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This integrated framework improves the precision of accessibility evaluation and site optimization. The findings offer empirical support for equitable older adult care policy-making in Beijing, helping enhance service equity and sustainable development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1779461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T04:20:59Z","timestamp":1776140459000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatial equity-oriented accessibility assessment and optimal allocation of older adult care facilities in Beijing\u2019s central urban area"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jianyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Arts and Science, Beijing Union University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Arts and Science, Beijing Union University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.11821\/dlxb202008001","article-title":"Measure and distribution of urban elderly in poverty: an empirical study in Beijing","volume":"75","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Geograph Sin"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.13239\/j.bjsshkxy.cswt.200909","article-title":"Research on the problems and perfection strategies of old-age care in Central Beijing","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urban Probl"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2019.05.003","article-title":"Assessing spatial disparities of accessibility to community-based service resources for Chinese older adults based on travel behavior: a city-wide study of Nanjing, China","volume":"88","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Habitat Int"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2021.103052","article-title":"Travel satisfaction and rail accessibility","volume":"100","author":"Zhai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transp Res D Transp Environ"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/01944365908978307","article-title":"How accessibility shapes land use","volume":"25","author":"Hansen","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Am Inst Plann"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.18306\/dlkxjz.2018.02.009","article-title":"Spatial accessibility of urban medical facilities based on improved potential modeling--the case of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Geogr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.18306\/dlkxjz.2021.07.004","article-title":"Evaluation of green space accessibility in Shenzhen parks based on improved Gaussian two-step moving search method","volume":"40","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Geogr"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1217","article-title":"Spatial accessibility of public service facilities and its metrics","volume":"29","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Geogr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1003-2363.2021.01.018","article-title":"Evaluation of accessibility and spatial optimization of educational facilities in new urban areas--taking Pingshan District of Shenzhen as an example","volume":"40","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Areal Res Dev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110122","article-title":"Analysis of spatial equity and access to urban parks in Ilam, Iran","volume":"260","author":"Fasihi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.15943\/j.cnki.fdxb-jns.2019.06.010","article-title":"Research on the accessibility and equity of urban basic educational facilities\u2014\u2014a case of primary schools in Puxi, Shanghai","volume":"58","author":"Tu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Fudan University (Natural Science)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-11-166","article-title":"Optimizing the two-step floating catchment area method for measuring spatial accessibility to medical clinics in Montreal","volume":"11","author":"Ngui","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. 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