{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T06:18:05Z","timestamp":1783491485332,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirdhand smoke (THS) exposure poses significant health risks to children, yet pediatric healthcare providers\u2019 capacity to deliver evidence-based counseling remains poorly characterized, particularly in high-burden settings. This study examined THS counseling practices among pediatric nurses in China, with particular emphasis on the relative contributions of formal tobacco-control training, cognitive factors, and implementation context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional survey of pediatric nurses at The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China. Data were collected between February 2022 and October 2025 (response rate: 83.7%). Participants completed validated instruments assessing THS knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, counseling practices, implementation factors, and clinical performance using standardized vignettes. Sequential multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent predictors of counseling practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 633 pediatric nurses (mean age 32.1\u202f\u00b1\u202f5.7\u202fyears; 91.6% female), 248 (39.2%) had received formal tobacco-control training in the preceding 24\u202fmonths. Training was the strongest correlate of counseling practices (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f2.23; 95% CI, 1.56\u20132.89;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001; \u0394R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.068), while knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy added negligible explanatory power (\u0394R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.004). Yet absolute practice rates remained suboptimal even among trained nurses: only 51.6% consistently explained THS concepts and 44.4% offered cessation referrals. Only 34.4% correctly rejected the misconception that absence of odor indicates no THS exposure. Vignette scores declined from 20.16\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.56 for healthy infant scenarios to 18.43\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.76 for disadvantaged families (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), despite their higher household smoking burden. High facilitator availability (74\u201380%) did not predict practice scores, pointing to workflow integration deficits rather than resource shortfalls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Training is associated with more frequent THS counseling, yet misconceptions persist and disadvantaged families receive lower-quality care. Prospective trials are needed to test whether skills-based training redesign and workflow-embedded decision supports can translate this association into equitable improvements in child health protection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1781485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:53:48Z","timestamp":1783490028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Formal tobacco-control training and thirdhand smoke counseling practices among pediatric nurses in China: a cross-sectional study of cognitive and implementation factors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine","place":["Shiyan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingji","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine","place":["Shiyan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.6b00343","article-title":"Thirdhand smoke: new evidence, challenges, and future directions","volume":"30","author":"Jacob","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6829-7","article-title":"Contribution of thirdhand smoke to overall tobacco smoke exposure in pediatric patients: study protocol","volume":"19","author":"Mahabee-Gittens","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2013.01.009","article-title":"Tobacco smoking: the leading cause of preventable disease worldwide","volume":"23","author":"Samet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(10)61388-8","article-title":"Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries","volume":"377","author":"Oberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103500","article-title":"Thirdhand tobacco smoke: emerging evidence and arguments for a multidisciplinary research agenda","volume":"119","author":"Matt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A422","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103956","article-title":"The new danger of thirdhand smoke: why passive smoking does not stop at secondhand smoke","volume":"119","author":"Protano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6576","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912820107","article-title":"Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards","volume":"107","author":"Sleiman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86391","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086391","article-title":"Cigarette smoke toxins deposited on surfaces: implications for human health","volume":"9","author":"Martins-Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L694","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00125.2025","article-title":"Early life oxidant pollutant exposure induces lung redox and RAAS dysregulation: implications for innate immune responses","volume":"329","author":"Dye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Phys Lung Cell Mol Phys"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20171521","article-title":"Short-term early exposure to thirdhand cigarette smoke increases lung cancer incidence in mice","volume":"132","author":"Hang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa151","article-title":"Remediating Thirdhand smoke pollution in multiunit housing: temporary reductions and the challenges of persistent reservoirs","volume":"23","author":"Matt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine Tobacco Res: Official J Society Res Nicotine Tobacco"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.08.006","article-title":"Children are particularly vulnerable to environmental tobacco smoke exposure: evidence from biomarkers of tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and oxidative stress","volume":"120","author":"Chao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0002","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement","volume":"30","author":"Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.03.016","article-title":"Early-life critical windows of susceptibility to manganese exposure and sex-specific changes in brain connectivity in late adolescence","volume":"3","author":"Rechtman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biolog Psychiatry Global Open Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e850","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3392","article-title":"Thirdhand smoke beliefs of parents","volume":"133","author":"Drehmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2013.108","article-title":"Third-hand smoke exposure and health hazards in children","volume":"79","author":"Ferrante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Monaldi archives for chest disease = Arch Monaldi Mal Torace"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102172","article-title":"Environmental electronic vape exposure from four different generations of electronic cigarettes: airborne particulate matter levels","volume":"15","author":"Protano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-5764-0_11","article-title":"Environmental Toxicology: Children at Risk","volume":"4","author":"Carroquino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3901","article-title":"Implementation of a parental tobacco control intervention in pediatric practice","volume":"132","author":"Winickoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx169","article-title":"Parental perceptions and misconceptions of child tobacco smoke exposure","volume":"20","author":"Rosen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tobacco Res: Official J Society Res Nicotine Tobacco"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2022.09.009","article-title":"Pediatric nurse-patient communication practices at Pentecost hospital, Madina: a qualitative study","volume":"9","author":"Osei Appiah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2007.10.018","article-title":"Are pediatric ED nurses delivering tobacco cessation advice to parents?","volume":"35","author":"Deckter","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0639","article-title":"Sustainability of a parental tobacco control intervention in pediatric practice","volume":"134","author":"Winickoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"57","article-title":"Nurses' attitude and practice in providing tobacco cessation care to patients","volume":"51","author":"Sreedharan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12213","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12213","article-title":"Knowledge and attitudes towards smoking cessation counselling: an Italian cross-sectional survey on tertiary care nursing staff","volume":"9","author":"Maniscalco","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10732748221105310","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748221105310","article-title":"Gaps in knowledge and practice in treating tobacco use among non-physician healthcare professionals and lay health Workers in Chicago, Illinois","volume":"29","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Control: J Moffitt Cancer Center"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16214158","article-title":"The effectiveness of tobacco dependence education in health professional students' practice: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Hyndman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559572","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1559572","article-title":"Analysis of the correlation between core competencies of pediatric nurses and occupational benefit perception and its influencing factors","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)60174-x","article-title":"The road to effective tobacco control in China","volume":"385","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179173x231171483","DOI":"10.1177\/1179173x231171483","article-title":"China's smoke-free policies in public place and the smoking cessation status of smokers","volume":"16","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tobacco use insights"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2016-207805","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of tobacco smoking among Chinese adult men and women: findings of the 2010 national smoking survey","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2012-0003","article-title":"Cigarette smoking in China: public health, science, and policy","volume":"27","author":"Au","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5524","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155524","article-title":"Household exposure to secondhand smoke among Chinese children: status, determinants, and co-exposures","volume":"17","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4306","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10094306","article-title":"Differential impact of tobacco control policies on youth sub-populations","volume":"10","author":"Tauras","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"12","article-title":"Social influences on cigarette smoking among mainland Chinese and Chinese Americans: a comparative study","volume":"28","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Health Stud"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02257-5","article-title":"A cross-sectional study on Chinese senior nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward nurse practitioners","volume":"23","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7856","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19137856","article-title":"Association of Hospital Characteristics and Previous Hospitalization-Related Experiences with patients' perceptions of Hospital Care in China","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-04119-0","article-title":"The prediction of nursing students' knowledge and self-efficacy in pediatric pain management","volume":"24","author":"Ayd\u0131n","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10112204","article-title":"Effectiveness of educational interventions to increase skills in evidence-based practice among nurses: the EDITcare systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Portela Dos Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13243289","article-title":"Thirdhand smoke and neonatal\/pediatric health: a scoping review on nursing implications","volume":"13","author":"Vanzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.08038","article-title":"Addressing environmental smoke exposure during pediatric hospitalization: attitudes and practices of pediatric nurses versus respiratory therapists","volume":"66","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-024-01375-7","article-title":"Adaptability, scalability and sustainability (ASaS) of complex health interventions: a systematic review of theories, models and frameworks","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2037","article-title":"State-of-the-art office-based interventions to eliminate youth tobacco use: the past decade","volume":"135","author":"Pbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2012.07.020","article-title":"Pediatrician interventions and thirdhand smoke beliefs of parents","volume":"43","author":"Drehmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2010.037382","article-title":"When smokers move out and non-smokers move in: residential thirdhand smoke pollution and exposure","volume":"20","author":"Matt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2015.12.007","article-title":"Thirdhand smoke: chemical dynamics, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in outdoor and indoor environments","volume":"32","author":"Bahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicology in vitro: Int J Pub Assoc BIBRA"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3928\/00220124-20101201-06","article-title":"Development of a web-based tobacco cessation educational program for pediatric nurses and respiratory therapists","volume":"42","author":"Gordon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Contin Educ Nurs"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.25019","article-title":"Interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant persons: US preventive services task force recommendation statement","volume":"325","author":"Krist","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3108","article-title":"Clinical practice policy to protect children from tobacco, nicotine, and tobacco smoke","volume":"136","author":"Farber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4156982","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4156982","article-title":"A qualitative study of factors influencing implementation of tobacco control in pediatric practices","volume":"2022","author":"Nabi-Burza","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Smok Cessat"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.13.1715","article-title":"Comparison of vignettes, standardized patients, and chart abstraction: a prospective validation study of 3 methods for measuring quality","volume":"283","author":"Peabody","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/190247","article-title":"Prevalence, cessation, and geographical variation of smoking among middle-aged and elderly adults in China: a population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23028","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023028","article-title":"Smoking among young rural to urban migrant women in China: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"6","author":"Wan","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD000214","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000214.pub2","article-title":"Training health professionals in smoking cessation","volume":"2012","author":"Carson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198104263660","article-title":"Health promotion by social cognitive means","volume":"31","author":"Bandura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Educ Bbehav: Official Pub Society Public Health Educ"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-11845-2","article-title":"Effects of educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior on oral cancer-related knowledge and tobacco smoking in adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Ghasemian","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-3-36","article-title":"Healthcare professionals' intentions and behaviours: a systematic review of studies based on social cognitive theories","volume":"3","author":"Godin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep14020086","article-title":"Understanding clinical learning quality aspects in mental health nursing practice course among students: a comprehensive examination","volume":"14","author":"Green","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nursing Reports (Pavia, Italy)"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001006","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001006.pub3","article-title":"Mass media interventions for preventing smoking in young people","volume":"2017","author":"Carson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2009.02796.x","article-title":"Frequency of nurses' smoking cessation interventions: report from a national survey","volume":"18","author":"Sarna","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-021-00640-w","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and training in tobacco dependence and cessation treatment among nursing students in Catalonia (ECTEC study): cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Ment Heal Addict"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e318217e119","article-title":"Does simulation-based medical education with deliberate practice yield better results than traditional clinical education? A meta-analytic comparative review of the evidence","volume":"86","author":"McGaghie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.36834\/cmej.74401","article-title":"The timing of booster sessions may not improve resuscitation skill retention among healthcare providers: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Waldolf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Canadian Med Educ J"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/chp.21290","article-title":"The impact of CME on physician performance and patient health outcomes: an updated synthesis of systematic reviews","volume":"35","author":"Cervero","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Contin Educ Heal Prof"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"367","article-title":"Addressing family smoking in child health care settings","volume":"16","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Outcomes Manag: JCOM"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12971-017-0112-4","article-title":"Development of a scale assessing beliefs about ThirdHand smoke (BATHS)","volume":"15","author":"Haard\u00f6rfer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"551","article-title":"Guidance for the clinical Management of Thirdhand Smoke Exposure in the child health care setting","volume":"24","author":"Drehmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Outcomes Manag: JCOM"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14344","article-title":"Novel ventilation techniques in children","volume":"32","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e466","DOI":"10.3928\/19382359-20171116-01","article-title":"Childhood ingestions of environmental toxins: what are the risks?","volume":"46","author":"Hauptman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.11-7-e363","article-title":"Neonatology and the environment: impact of early exposure to airborne environmental toxicants on infant and child neurodevelopment","volume":"11","author":"Rauh","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeoReviews"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.114402","article-title":"The immature infant liver: cytochrome P450 enzymes and their relevance to vaccine safety and SIDS research","volume":"22","author":"Goldman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12971-015-0050-y","article-title":"Predictors of smoking cessation behavior among Bangladeshi adults: findings from ITC Bangladesh survey","volume":"13","author":"Abdullah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-3988(11)60003-2","article-title":"Population-based survey of secondhand smoke exposure in China","volume":"23","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci: BES"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1102459","article-title":"Prevalence of smoking in China in 2010","volume":"364","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1190","article-title":"Tobacco carcinogens, their biomarkers and tobacco-induced cancer","volume":"3","author":"Hecht","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74037","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.74037","article-title":"Self-reported comfort and use of tobacco cessation interventions by healthcare providers","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50","article-title":"Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science","volume":"4","author":"Damschroder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1097\/acm.0000000000000939","article-title":"Acquisition and maintenance of medical expertise: a perspective from the expert-performance approach with deliberate practice","volume":"90","author":"Ericsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-8-51","article-title":"Evaluation of a large-scale weight management program using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR)","volume":"8","author":"Damschroder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12271","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12271","article-title":"Implementing evidence-based treatment protocols: flexibility within fidelity","volume":"25","author":"Kendall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Psychol: Pub Division Clin Psychol American Psycholog Assoc"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-016-0390-x","article-title":"Increasing smoking cessation care across a network of hospitals: an implementation study","volume":"11","author":"Slattery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-016-0446-0","article-title":"A content analysis of electronic health record (EHR) functionality to support tobacco treatment","volume":"7","author":"Schindler-Ruwisch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1781485\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:53:50Z","timestamp":1783490030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1781485\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1781485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1781485","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"article-number":"1781485"}}