{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:02:52Z","timestamp":1780470172493,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is ample scientific evidence to support that tobacco consumption is associated with diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and cancer. However, few studies have compared the harm caused by different types of tobacco, such as black and blond tobacco (BlaT, BloT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to search for the potential links between type of tobacco, dosage, tobacco consumption time, and disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A longitudinal retrospective case\u2013control study (163:162) was conducted using clinical histories and telephone interviews. Disproportions (prevalence, OR, and crude OR), dose and years of smoking (ANOVA), and strata (tobacco type, dose, and time) (Reg. Log. Bin. Cox) were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant correlation was discovered between smoking, type of tobacco, and disease, particularly for COPD. The OR for BlaT\/non-smokers was 64.62 and for BloT\/non-smokers was 26.44. When stratified by tobacco type, the crude OR for BlaT was 8.38 for COPD, 7.82 for bronchitis, and 2.25 for cancer. Cox R analysis revealed a dose\u2013response relationship between smoking and time, with BlaT having Cox R values of 88.41 for COPD and 3.95 for cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main conclusion is that while all types of tobacco are harmful, BlaT is even more harmful than BloT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1782311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:07:21Z","timestamp":1780466841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health effects of black and blond tobacco: a comparative analysis on smoking-related diseases with emphasis on bronchitis and COPD"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Bejarano-Vila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SEPLAN Group, Botanical Garden, University of Valencia","place":["Valencia, Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities","place":["Valencia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Abad-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Documentation and Admission Unit (CDAU), Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia (CHGUV)","place":["Valencia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset","place":["Valencia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Bosch-Morell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities","place":["Valencia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Martinez-Solis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities","place":["Valencia, Spain"]},{"name":"Botanical Garden, University of Valencia","place":["Valencia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4057","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa460","article-title":"Effects of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe 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