{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:15:20Z","timestamp":1788448520528,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review focuses on financial toxicity in cancer patients, aiming to identify its measurement time points, assessment tools, developmental trends, and influencing factors. Based on existing evidence, this review reveals the occurrence trajectory and long-term impacts of financial toxicity among cancer patients. It can provide a reference for improving patients\u2019 financial well-being in clinical practice and optimizing the medical security system at the health policy level and also points out key directions for future related research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study strictly followed the methodology of scoping review. A systematic search was performed across the databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Data, VIP, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). The search period covered from the inception of each database to November 8, 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 14 articles were included in this study. The common measurement time points were selected as before the initiation of treatment, 3\u202fmonths, 6\u202fmonths, and 12\u202fmonths after the start of treatment. The research tools combined subjective scales with objective data measurement, and the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity-Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (COST-PROM) was adopted in most studies. The changing trend of financial toxicity among breast cancer patients tended to be stable. The financial toxicity of colorectal cancer patients showed a continuous upward trend, while that of esophageal cancer patients presented a continuous downward trend. The financial toxicity of cervical cancer patients also demonstrated a declining trend, though the magnitude of change was smaller than that of esophageal cancer patients. A total of 25 influencing factors of financial toxicity in cancer patients were identified, involving four dimensions: sociodemographic factors (4), disease-related factors (4), economic-related factors (11), and psychosocial factors (6).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The measurement time points of financial toxicity in cancer patients are mostly concentrated within one year after treatment, with insufficient research on long-term follow-up. The existing assessment tools lack applicability for long-term tracking and specificity for different cancer types, and objective indicators fail to effectively reflect patients\u2019 economic status due to disparities in regional economic development levels. Patients with different types of cancer exhibit distinct developmental trends of financial toxicity, indicating population heterogeneity. Future research still needs to further explore the influencing factors and developmental trajectories of financial toxicity among different cancer types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1798871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T06:53:08Z","timestamp":1773211988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Longitudinal studies on financial toxicity in cancer patients: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Taian, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianghua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Taian, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003442","article-title":"Comparative analysis of cancer statistics in China and the United States in 2024","volume":"137","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35278","article-title":"The GLOBOCAN 2022 cancer estimates: data sources, methods, and a snapshot of the cancer burden worldwide","volume":"156","author":"Filho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2012-0279","article-title":"The financial toxicity of cancer treatment: a pilot study assessing out-of-pocket expenses and the insured cancer patient's 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surgery [In Chinese]","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Integrated Traditional Chinese Western Med Nursing"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"A longitudinal subject-object model study on the family function and economic toxicity of patients with brain tumors and their caregivers [In Chinese]","volume":"38","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16821\/j.cnki.hsjx.2024.19.002","article-title":"A longitudinal study on the economic toxicity level and influencing factors of patients after breast cancer surgery [In Chinese]","volume":"39","author":"Kuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurse Continuing Educ. 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