{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T05:01:10Z","timestamp":1775538070526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe tetanus vaccination practices and injury characteristics in Sandun Town, Hangzhou during February 2024 to January 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from trauma and animal-injury patients who received tetanus vaccination in Sandun Town, Hangzhou from February 2024 to January 2025. Demographic characteristics, injury profiles, vaccination status, and relationships with season\/temperature were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total of 3,174 patients were initially identified, and 2,825 were included in the final analysis after applying exclusion criteria. Among them, animal-induced injuries accounted for 1,029 cases (36.4%), traffic accident injuries for 943 cases (33.4%), cutting injuries for 374 cases (13.2%), blunt force injuries for 242 cases (8.6%), and other causes for 237 cases (8.4%). Males predominated in all trauma categories except animal-induced injuries, where females were the majority (53.3%). Employees\/workers were the predominant occupational group across all categories (56.4\u201376.4%). The upper limb was the most common injury site across all categories (56.7\u201374.1%). High-risk wounds were observed in 88.2\u201398.9% of patients. The use of passive immunizing agents was generally low (2.1\u201310.4%), with the highest rate in animal-induced injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following the implementation of China\u2019s 2024 non-neonatal tetanus guideline, the treatment of external injuries is becoming more standardized. However, gaps persist compared with developed countries, mainly reflected in the underutilization of passive immunizing agents for high-risk wounds and inconsistent application of guidelines. Targeted education for students, migrant workers, and pet owners-particularly during warmer months-and continued training for healthcare personnel are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1799196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T04:15:58Z","timestamp":1775535358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Status of tetanus prevention following injuries: a descriptive study from Sandun Town, Hangzhou"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ju","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Medicine Development, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qilong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Zhejiang Hospital","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Da","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Zhejiang Hospital","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongfei","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Zhejiang Hospital","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Zhejiang Hospital","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Zhejiang Hospital","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lvzhao","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Zhejiang Hospital","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15330","article-title":"Tetanus and tetanus neurotoxin: from peripheral uptake to central nervous tissue targets","volume":"158","author":"Megighian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.13558\/j.cnki.issn1672-3686.2025.001.002","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-neonatal tetanus (2024 edition) part 1","volume":"23","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin J Emerg Resusc Disaster Med."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)33131-3","article-title":"Tetanus","volume":"393","author":"Lm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.07.025","article-title":"Case fatality of adult tetanus in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"368","author":"Woldeamanuel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1671-0282.2019.12.003","article-title":"Non-neonatal tetanus diagnosis and treatment protocol (2019 edition) [J]","volume":"28","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. 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