{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:47:12Z","timestamp":1782798432562,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the incidence of idiopathic epistaxis in Changshu, China, and its correlations with meteorological factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively enrolled 24,193 patients with idiopathic epistaxis from March 2011 to November 2022. Matched clinical, population, and meteorological data were analyzed. Spearman\u2019s correlation and variance inflation factor analyses were performed to assess multicollinearity. We conducted quartile stratification and sequential robust negative binomial regression with three progressively adjusted models, as well as 1\u20134\u202fday lag effect analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The highest incidence was in patients &amp;lt;18\u202fyears (40.3%) and the lowest in those \u226560\u202fyears (14.3%), while males accounted for approximately 60% of all cases. Incidence was higher in spring (32%) and summer (27%). Regression analysis showed that higher relative humidity reduced disease risk by 17% (IRR\u202f=\u202f0.83, 95% CI: \u221221 \u2013 \u221212%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Extremely low atmospheric pressure increased risk by 85% with a threshold effect and no significant linear trend. Higher temperature raised risk by 12% (IRR\u202f=\u202f1.12, 95% CI: 0\u201324%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Wind speed and daily temperature difference showed no significant associations. During lag days 1\u20134, effects of humidity and daily temperature difference peaked at lag 1\u202fday. Temperature exerted divergent effects at lag 1 and 2\u202fdays. No lag effects were observed for wind speed or atmospheric pressure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low humidity and high temperature are independent risk factors for idiopathic epistaxis. Atmospheric pressure presents a threshold effect, and meteorological factors exert diverse short-term lag effects on disease onset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1800994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:41:52Z","timestamp":1782798112000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Meteorological factors modulate idiopathic epistaxis risk: a 12-year retrospective study in Changshu"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Nantong University","place":["Nantong, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueting","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Nantong University","place":["Nantong, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Changshu No. 1 People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Changshu, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Nantong University","place":["Nantong, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Changshu No 2 People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Changshu, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Changshu No 2 People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Changshu, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nantong First People\u2019s Hospital, Southeast University","place":["Nantong, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81570-0","article-title":"Frequency and severity of idiopathic epistaxis relative to time of day","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)92666-5","article-title":"The weather and deaths from pneumonia","volume":"1","author":"Bull","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110302472","article-title":"Effects of moderate strength cold air exposure on blood pressure and biochemical indicators among cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2020.07.012","article-title":"Minimal temperature, mean wind speed, and mean relative humidity are associated with spontaneous epistaxis in Seoul, Korea","volume":"48","author":"Min","year":"2021","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21029","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25630-3","article-title":"Differential effect of meteorological factors and particulate matter with \u226410-\u03bcm diameter on epistaxis in younger and older children","volume":"12","author":"Kwak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30961","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for pediatric epistaxis vary by climate zone","volume":"134","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-019-0395-y","article-title":"Examining seasonal variation in epistaxis in a maritime climate","volume":"48","author":"McMullin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2016.1191673","article-title":"Is the occurrence of spontaneous epistaxis related to climatic variables? A retrospective clinical, epidemiological and meteorological study","volume":"136","author":"Mangussi-Gomes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455613241271680","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613241271680","article-title":"Relationship between environmental meteorological factors and the incidence of epistaxis in different age groups in Yangzhou","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.07.053","article-title":"Is the occurrence of pediatric epistaxis related to climatic variables?","volume":"113","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.3967\/bes2016.119","article-title":"An epistaxis emergency associated with multiple pollutants in elementary students","volume":"29","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319852581","article-title":"Pediatric epistaxis and its correlation between air pollutants in Beijing from 2014 to 2017","volume":"99","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11010","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.12.11010","article-title":"The lag-effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on child respiratory diseases in Fuzhou, China","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.11.027","article-title":"Drops in barometric pressure are associated with deep intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"25","author":"Honig","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2011.650155","article-title":"Effects of weather variability and air pollutants on emergency admissions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases","volume":"22","author":"Hori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3390\/children8030242","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative bleeding after adenoidectomy","volume":"8","author":"Ur\u00edk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2024.112152","article-title":"Environmental factors and the incidence of pediatric epistaxis: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"186","author":"Sharifi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08300-6","article-title":"Influence of meteorological variables on the frequency of visits and hospital admission for epistaxis in a city with a cold semi-arid climate (Lorca, Spain)","volume":"281","author":"G\u00f3mez-Herv\u00e1s","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorrinolaringol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12296","article-title":"Air pollution and emergency department visits for epistaxis","volume":"39","author":"Szyszkowicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4809","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094809","article-title":"Particulate matter 10 (PM10) is associated with epistaxis in children and adults","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131809700901","article-title":"The role of meteorologic factors and air pollution on the frequency of pediatric epistaxis","volume":"97","author":"Akdo\u011fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48390","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.48390","article-title":"Impact of atmospheric conditions on epistaxis incidence","volume":"15","author":"Gatsounia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e175","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2015.29.4239","article-title":"Influence of air temperature variations on incidence of epistaxis","volume":"29","author":"Comelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1800994\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:41:54Z","timestamp":1782798114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1800994\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1800994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1800994","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"article-number":"1800994"}}