{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:32:12Z","timestamp":1776357132940,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emergency closures of eight-lane freeway mainlines require vehicles to execute multiple successive lane changes to detour, a maneuver that is more complex and risky than on narrower freeways. Current standards lack tailored control zone designs and empirical evidence for such scenarios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To address the lack of standards for eight-lane freeway full closures, a control zone was designed based on the principle of \u201cactive guidance, graded transition, and terminal enforcement.\u201d Recognizing the complexity of multiple mandatory lane changes, two warning signs were developed: a basic version and an enhanced version adding the advisory \u201cMerge Right for Detour.\u201d A 2\u202f\u00d7\u202f2 factorial driving simulator experiment (sign type \u00d7 weather condition) involving 30 licensed drivers was conducted to evaluate lateral and longitudinal driving behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The enhanced \u201cWarning &amp;amp; Advice\u201d sign consistently improved driving performance. It prompted earlier lane-change initiation (by 966\u202fm in clear weather and 610\u202fm in dusty weather) and reduced the aggressiveness of three successive lane changes (by 35.8, 23.8, and 23.5% in clear weather; the first two by 49.3 and 31.3% in dusty weather). Longitudinally, it decreased maximum deceleration aggressiveness by 21.7% (clear) and 25.1% (dust) and improved deceleration smoothness by 16.0 and 25.4%, respectively. Dusty weather amplified these benefits, indicating a synergy between environmental caution and explicit guidance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incorporating actionable advice into warning signs optimizes driver decision-making and shifts the control strategy from passive \u201cwarning\u201d to active \u201cguidance.\u201d The findings provide an empirical basis for the design of closure control zones and demonstrate that well-designed information can compensate for environmental uncertainty, thereby enhancing safety in complex multi-lane closures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1803755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:25:07Z","timestamp":1776353107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From \u201cwarning\u201d to \u201cguidance\u201d: design of a closure control zone for eight-lane freeways and evaluation of its regulating effects on driving behavior"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Jiaotou Construction Management Co., Ltd.","place":["Urumchi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runzhao","family":"Bei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Transportation Research Institute Co., Ltd.","place":["Urumchi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Transportation Research Institute Co., Ltd.","place":["Urumchi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangjun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Transportation Dukou Expressway Investment and Development Co., Ltd.","place":["Urumchi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4038","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784483053.337","volume-title":"CICTP 2020: Transportation Evolution Impacting Future Mobility","author":"Yao","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106284","article-title":"Improved traffic safety at work zones through animation-based variable message signs","volume":"159","author":"Almallah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2014.09.007","article-title":"Effectiveness of graphic-aided portable changeable message signs in reducing vehicle speeds in highway work zones","volume":"48","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transportation Res Part C: Emerg Technolog"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/19439962.2017.1314398","article-title":"A driving simulator study to analyze the effects of portable changeable message signs on mean speeds of drivers","volume":"10","author":"Bham","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Transp Saf Secur"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2025.103345","article-title":"Can self-luminous road markings enhance drivers' hazard perception at unsignalized intersections? 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