{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T06:00:58Z","timestamp":1785477658197,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Misinformation about vaccines has been linked to vaccine hesitancy, but vaccination can still be accepted even when such distrustful narratives are endorsed. Evidence on how often this occurs and which factors shape vaccine acceptance among individuals who endorsed misinformation remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey conducted in September\u2013October 2021 among 31,000 panel participants aged \u226515\u202fyears. Participants were asked about their COVID-19 vaccination status or attitudes, and about their agreement with seven vaccine-related misinformation statements. We used inverse probability weighting to calculate prevalence and proportions of answers, adjusting for population stratification in Japan. We also estimated odds ratios for factors associated with vaccination intention, stratified by misinformation endorsement status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among respondents who had been vaccinated, 8.1% endorsed at least one misinformation statement, whereas 36.6% of vaccine-hesitant individuals did so. Among individuals who endorsed at least one misinformation statement, 63.6% still accepted vaccination. In stratified multivariable models, older age was strongly associated with vaccine acceptance among individuals who did not endorse misinformation statements, whereas among individuals who endorsed misinformation, younger adults showed higher acceptance. The effect of information from governments on vaccine acceptance was significant only among individuals who did not endorse misinformation. The positive association of television\/newspaper and the negative effect of internet\/social media on vaccine acceptance were stronger among misinformation endorsers than non-endorsers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endorsement of vaccine-related misinformation statements was associated with lower vaccine acceptance, yet a majority of misinformation endorsers still accepted vaccination. Determinants of vaccine acceptance differed by endorsement status, particularly by age and information sources, underscoring the need for nuanced communication approaches that address both misinformation narratives and broader trust dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1805589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:39:15Z","timestamp":1785476355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vaccine-related misinformation and attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination in Japan"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Furuse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infection, The University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), The University of Tokyo","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Virology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences","place":["Nagasaki, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Tabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine","place":["Sendai, Japan"]},{"name":"Cancer Control Center, International Cancer Institute","place":["Osaka, Osaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.07.017","article-title":"Accelerated COVID-19 vaccine development: milestones, lessons, and prospects","volume":"54","author":"Bok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29000","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29000","article-title":"Rotavirus vaccination as a public health strategy to reduce the burden of hospitalization: the field experience of Italy (2008-2018)","volume":"95","author":"Amodio","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209165","article-title":"U.S. hospitalizations for pneumonia after a decade of pneumococcal vaccination","volume":"369","author":"Griffin","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904797","article-title":"Effect of human rotavirus vaccine on severe diarrhea in African infants","volume":"362","author":"Madhi","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01750-1","article-title":"COVID-19 and resilience of healthcare systems in ten countries","volume":"28","author":"Arsenault","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"03073","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.12.03073","article-title":"COVID-19 in Japan during 2020-2022: characteristics, responses, and implications for the health care system","volume":"12","author":"Karako","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61081439","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of ankle fractures prior to, during, and following the COVID-19 pandemic in an Italian tertiary hospital","volume":"61","author":"Testa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.05025","article-title":"Simulation of future COVID-19 epidemic by vaccination coverage scenarios in Japan","volume":"11","author":"Furuse","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2021.100129","article-title":"Minimizing COVID-19 disruption: ensuring the supply of essential health products for health emergencies and routine health services","volume":"6","author":"Lal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060662","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in Japan","volume":"9","author":"Okubo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(25)01912-9","article-title":"Profiling vaccine attitudes and subsequent uptake in 1\u00b71 million people in England: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"407","author":"Whitaker","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10081356","article-title":"Global prevalence and potential influencing factors of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Fajar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0261121","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261121","article-title":"Factors of parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a cross sectional study in Japan","volume":"16","author":"Horiuchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11702","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111702","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the younger generation in Japan","volume":"18","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31441-x","article-title":"Revisiting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy around the world using data from 23 countries in 2021","volume":"13","author":"Lazarus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.21.287654","article-title":"Infodemics and health misinformation: a systematic review of reviews","volume":"100","author":"Borges do Nascimento","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-00994-6","article-title":"Assessing the risks of \u201cinfodemics\u201d in response to COVID-19 epidemics","volume":"4","author":"Gallotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pvr.2016.09.001","article-title":"Validation of the vaccine conspiracy beliefs scale","volume":"2","author":"Shapiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Papillomavirus Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.2404","article-title":"Widespread misinformation about infertility continues to create COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy","volume":"327","author":"Abbasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37367","DOI":"10.2196\/37367","article-title":"Misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines on social media: rapid review","volume":"24","author":"Skafle","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950504","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1950504","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: misinformation and perceptions of vaccine safety","volume":"18","author":"Kricorian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s41649-024-00310-8","article-title":"Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the general population in Japan from public health ethical perspectives: findings from a narrative review","volume":"17","author":"Kuroda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asian Bioeth Rev"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17430-6","article-title":"Misinformation of COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine hesitancy","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01056-1","article-title":"Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA","volume":"5","author":"Loomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.04.081","article-title":"Trust in governments, public health institutions, and other information sources as determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake behavior in Japan","volume":"42","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100223","article-title":"Reasons for being unsure or unwilling regarding intention to take COVID-19 vaccine among Japanese people: a large cross-sectional national survey","volume":"14","author":"Nomura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74280","DOI":"10.2196\/74280","article-title":"Media exposure and its association with vaccine attitudes, intentions, and hesitancy: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Leonforte","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2021.2014910","article-title":"COVID-19 information exposure and vaccine hesitancy: the influence of trust in government and vaccine confidence","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0251095","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251095","article-title":"Examining the effect of information channel on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance","volume":"16","author":"Piltch-Loeb","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073887","article-title":"Promoting COVID-19 vaccination using the health belief model: does information acquisition from divergent sources make a difference?","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094340","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1094340","article-title":"Changes in social isolation and loneliness prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: the JACSIS 2020-2021 study","volume":"11","author":"Murayama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dyag025","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyag025","article-title":"Data resource profile: the Japan COVID-19 and society internet survey (JACSIS)","volume":"55","author":"Someko","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-06959-3","article-title":"Association between trust in government and practice of preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan","volume":"36","author":"Gotanda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20180116","article-title":"Study profile: the Japan \u201csociety and new tobacco\u201d internet survey (JASTIS): a longitudinal internet cohort study of heat-not-burn tobacco products, electronic cigarettes, and conventional tobacco products in Japan","volume":"29","author":"Tabuchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref36","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13231","article-title":"Awareness and use of electronic cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco products in Japan","volume":"111","author":"Tabuchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soh.2023.100048","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy worldwide and its associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Baghani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci One Health"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9030300","article-title":"Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy","volume":"9","author":"Soares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100540","article-title":"Factors associated with reversals of COVID-19 vaccination willingness: results from two longitudinal, national surveys in Japan 2021-2022","volume":"27","author":"Ghaznavi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2025.127273","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 vaccination by implementation timing and coverage rate in relation to misinformation prevalence in Japan","volume":"59","author":"Furuse","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.005","article-title":"Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly patients: a comparison with young and middle-aged patients","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10086","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.10086","article-title":"Trust in doctors and non-doctor sources for health and medical information","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.18.26344375","article-title":"Rising vaccine hesitancy in a future pandemic after COVID-19 and its decision drivers in Japan","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2026","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004206","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004206","article-title":"Social media and vaccine hesitancy","volume":"5","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07942-8","article-title":"Differences in misinformation sharing can lead to politically asymmetric sanctions","volume":"634","author":"Mosleh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Echo Chambers, Filter Bubbles, and Polarisation: a Literature Review","author":"Ross Arguedas","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CAT.23.0322","DOI":"10.1056\/cat.23.0322","article-title":"A communications campaign to build confidence in Covid-19 vaccines: the Boston Medical Center experience","volume":"5","author":"Assoumou","year":"2024","journal-title":"NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2025.127327","article-title":"Impact of digital communication message on HPV vaccine decision-making among Japanese mothers: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196397","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1196397","article-title":"Using artificial intelligence to improve public health: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Olawade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibab128","article-title":"Online misinformation and vaccine hesitancy","volume":"11","author":"Garett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2025.127018","article-title":"Generative AI for vaccine misbelief correction: insights from targeting extraversion and pseudoscientific beliefs","volume":"54","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778953","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1778953","article-title":"Mapping digital public health training: are we preparing the European workforce?","volume":"14","author":"Gorga","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23780231251328202","DOI":"10.1177\/23780231251328202","article-title":"Social desirability bias in measures of norm violations and compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of an experimental survey in Europe","volume":"11","author":"Helbing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc Sociol Res Dynamic World"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237802312210947","DOI":"10.1177\/23780231221094749","article-title":"Overestimation of COVID-19 vaccination coverage in population surveys due to social desirability bias: results of an experimental methods study in Germany","volume":"8","author":"Wolter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Socius"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1805589\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:39:16Z","timestamp":1785476356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1805589\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1805589"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1805589","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"article-number":"1805589"}}