{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:17:01Z","timestamp":1788535021532,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review synthesizes quantitative evidence on how climate change modulates airborne and droplet-borne disease transmission and assesses hospital resilience strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative review of global data (2000\u20132025) was conducted, focusing on pathogen kinetics and post-disaster hospitalization burdens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Climate change alters disease dynamics by extending pathogen viability and creating prolonged transmission windows. Flood exposure increases respiratory hospitalization risk by 30% and infectious disease hospitalization risk by 26%, with burdens persisting for 60\u201390\u202fdays. Heat exposure increases COPD risk by 1.47% for every 1\u202f\u00b0C above thermal thresholds. Mechanistically, low humidity favors persistent airborne droplet nuclei, whereas high humidity enhances transmission via larger droplets that require close contact. Current hospital infrastructure remains vulnerable to these compound climate-pollution crises.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conventional acute-phase disaster models are insufficient. Resilience requires a paradigm shift toward \u201cclimate-integrated\u201d infection control. Critical strategies include integrating meteorological data into predictive surveillance systems and using ventilation, upper-room UVGI, and portable air cleaning as complementary engineering controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1809465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:31:52Z","timestamp":1788532312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of climate change on airborne and droplet-borne diseases and hospital response measures"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Po-Hsiu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital","place":["Taichung, 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University","place":["Taipei City, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Chiao","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Toxicology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital","place":["Taichung, Taiwan"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Defense Medical University","place":["Taipei City, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Fang","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital","place":["Taichung, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Fen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital","place":["Taichung, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Yueh","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital","place":["Taichung, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Chun","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital","place":["Taichung, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hsi","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital","place":["Taichung, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsia","family":"Hen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital","place":["Taichung, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Yi","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital","place":["Taichung, 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