{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T17:12:53Z","timestamp":1781370773807,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long COVID poses a significant public health challenge. However, population-level trends and associated factors in the general US population during the post-pandemic era are not fully characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze trends in long COVID prevalence among US adults from 2022 to 2024, identify associated demographic and socioeconomic factors, and assess its impact on daily activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting and participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from three cycles (2022\u20132024) of the National Health Interview Survey, a repeated cross-sectional, nationally representative survey. COVID-19 infection, long COVID, and daily activity limitation were determined through participant self-report. Daily activity limitation was assessed in 2023\u20132024. Multivariable Poisson regression identified factors associated with: (1) long COVID history and (2) significant activity limitation among those with current symptoms. All analyses incorporated survey weights to produce nationally representative estimates. Data analysis was conducted in October 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 88,731 adults (median age 47\u202fyears; 51.4% female and 48.6% male; 61.7% non-Hispanic White, 17.6% Hispanic, 11.8% non-Hispanic Black, and 8.9% non-Hispanic other). In the overall population, the prevalence of ever long COVID increased from 7.0% (95% CI, 6.6\u20137.3%) in 2022 to 8.4% (95% CI, 8.0\u20138.8%) in 2023, plateauing at 8.3% (95% CI, 7.9\u20138.7%) in 2024, while for current long COVID the prevalence remained stable (3.4% [95% CI, 3.1\u20133.6%] in 2022, 3.6% [95% CI, 3.3\u20133.9%] in 2023, and 3.3 [95% CI, 3.1\u20133.6%] in 2024). Among adults with prior COVID-19 infection, prevalence of both ever and current long COVID declined significantly, from 17.7 to 13.7% and from 8.6 to 5.5%, respectively. Long COVID was more common among women, adults in middle age (35\u201364\u202fyears), Hispanic or non-Hispanic White individuals, those who were widowed\/separated\/divorced, people with lower educational attainment, and individuals with incomes below the federal poverty threshold. Among those with current long COVID, 19.8% reported significant activity limitation, and this limitation was more common among older adults and individuals with lower incomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2022 to 2024, long COVID continued to impose a substantial public health burden, with clear demographic and socioeconomic disparities. These findings underscore the necessity for continued surveillance and targeted support for high-risk groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1809635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T05:23:44Z","timestamp":1776662624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trends in long COVID among US adults, 2022\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yindi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Record Center, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangsuo","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"A Long COVID Definition: A Chronic, Systemic Disease State with Profound Consequences","author":"Goldowitz","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(21)00703-9","article-title":"A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi 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