{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:00:15Z","timestamp":1777950015158,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most research on social media use and depression has focused on young adults. A few studies in middle-aged and older Chinese adults have reported a negative association, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional survey was conducted among middle-aged and older adults (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2,743) in five cities of Hainan Province, China. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Social Media Use Integration Scale, the Short-Form Health Literacy Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Mediation and moderation models were tested using the PROCESS macro with bootstrap methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Social media use was significantly negatively associated with depression (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.045,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). Health literacy (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.009, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      [\u22120.013, \u22120.005]) and perceived social support (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.015, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      [\u22120.019, \u22120.011]) mediated this relationship. Education level strengthened the positive associations of social media use with health literacy (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05) and perceived social support (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.019,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social media use was associated with lower levels of depression among middle-aged and older adults. Health literacy and perceived social support may serve as potential pathways underlying this association. In addition, these associations varied by education level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1817281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:33:23Z","timestamp":1777872803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social media use and depression among middle-aged and older Chinese adults: mediating roles of health literacy and perceived social support"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoge","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of International Tourism and Public Administration, Hainan University","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207640251370792","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640251370792","article-title":"Gender differences in depression prevalence, influencing factors, life satisfaction, and network structure among middle-aged and older adults in China: a national survey","volume":"17","author":"Gui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatr."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03142-0","article-title":"Association between social media use and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older Chinese adults","volume":"14","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatr."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00251-0","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive disorders and treatment in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.08.001","article-title":"The relationship of current depressive symptoms and past depression with cognitive impairment and instrumental activities of daily living in an elderly population: the Sydney memory and ageing study","volume":"45","author":"Reppermund","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.04.036","article-title":"Association of depression and cardiovascular disease","volume":"136","author":"Krittanawong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709992285","article-title":"Depression and cancer mortality: a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Pinquart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"China\n              Internet Network Information Center\n            \n          \n          The 56th statistical report on China's internet development\n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71117","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71117","article-title":"Social media use time and mental health of young adults: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh","volume":"8","author":"Das","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2511704","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.11704","article-title":"Social media use and depressive symptoms during early adolescence","volume":"8","author":"Nagata","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107204","article-title":"Smartphone and social media use contributed to individual tendencies towards social media addiction in Italian adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"126","author":"Marengo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2021.101690","article-title":"How compulsive Wechat use and information overload affect social media fatigue and well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic? 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