{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:55:29Z","timestamp":1781762129718,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Current epidemiological evidence on the association between air pollutants and non-accidental mortality remains limited, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the short-term association between ambient air pollution and non-accidental mortality, and to quantify the attributable disease burden in Shantou, a subtropical coastal city in China.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Daily data on non-accidental mortality, meteorological factors, and ambient air pollutants including PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n , PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n , SO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , CO, and O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n were collected in Shantou from 2016 to 2020. A Poisson generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to estimate the acute effects of air pollutants on non-accidental mortality, with stratification analyses by gender, age, and season. Attributable fractions (AFs) and attributable numbers (ANs) were further estimated based on the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines and Chinese air quality standards.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Non-accidental mortality in Shantou was significantly associated with exposure to PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n , PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n , SO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n , but not with CO. Per 10\u202f\u03bcg\/m\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n increase in air pollutant concentration, the strongest relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for non-accidental mortality were 1.0199 (1.0106\u20131.0294) for PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n at lag03 days, 1.0146 (1.0085\u20131.0209) for PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n at lag 03\u202fdays, 1.1268 (1.0773\u20131.1786) for SO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n at lag 07\u202fdays, 1.0256 (1.0093\u20131.0422) for NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n at lag 03\u202fdays, and 1.0048 (1.0013\u20131.0083) for O\u2083 at lag 04\u202fdays, respectively. Stratified analyses showed that individuals aged 65\u202fyears and older were more susceptible only to O\u2083. The significant adverse effect of O\u2083 was significantly stronger in the warm season than in the cold season, while no significant difference was found between males and females. Overall, 4.23% (5,576 cases) of non-accidental deaths were attributable to excess exposure to air pollution exceeding the WHO air quality guidelines.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Short-term exposure to PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n , PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n , SO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n was significantly associated with elevated non-accidental mortality in Shantou, a coastal subtropical city, imposing a considerable disease burden. Our findings highlight the urgent need for effective air pollution control strategies to reduce the related disease burden.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1821846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:30:29Z","timestamp":1781760629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between ambient air pollution and daily non-accidental mortality: evidence from the coastal city of Shantou, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yanhu","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College","place":["Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangchun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shantou Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Shantou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shantou Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Shantou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shantou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zepeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shantou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangxing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shantou Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Shantou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107916","article-title":"Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and non-accidental mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"176","author":"Boogaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105341","article-title":"Surrounding green, air pollution, traffic noise exposure and non-accidental and cause-specific mortality","volume":"134","author":"Klompmaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112898","article-title":"Does air pollution modify temperature-related mortality? 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