{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:55:29Z","timestamp":1792688129126,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Barthel index has designed to assess functional capacity to perform basic activities of daily living. This study analyzes the association between each of these activities and community living, the use of mobility aids, and various socioeconomic factors, as well as survival associated with each activity at 5\u202fyears.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study conducted between 2020 and 2025 in the functionally dependent population (Barthel \u226460) of the Orcasitas neighborhood in Madrid (Spain). A total of 127 people participated, with a mean age of 86\u202f\u00b1\u202f6.3\u202fyears. Barthel index activities were classified into three groups, and the relationship between community living and the use of mobility aids with the level of dependency and survival was analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One in four people in this cohort was dependent for activities included in group 2 (dressing-undressing, grooming, bathing), but only one in ten was dependent for activities in group 1 (walking independently, chair-to-bed transfers, going up-down stairs, and toilet use) and group 3 (feeding or maintaining bladder and bowel control). Dependence on others on feeding, toilet use, chair-to-bed transfers, and bathing, as well as fecal incontinence, were associated with the need to live with other people. Chair-to-bed transfers, up-down stairs, and urinary incontinence were associated with living homebound. Feeding, toileting, bathing, dressing-undressing, and urinary or fecal incontinence were associated with the need for a hired caregiver. Only bathing was not associated with the use of mobility aids. The activities that showed the strongest association with mortality risk were using the toilet, dressing-undressing, and chair-to-bed transfers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dependence on others to perform each of the activities on the Barthel index follows a different pattern with respect to the interrelationships established with dependence on other activities and the personal and social adaptations that this dependence imposes. These characteristics must take account when designing population studies and planning social and health care services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1825340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:08:37Z","timestamp":1780585717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between the different basic activities of daily living on the Barthel index and community living, use of mobility aids, and the survival at 5\u202fyears"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Vicente","family":"Mart\u00edn Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orcasitas Health Care Center, Research Institute of the Doce de Octubre Hospital","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"P\u00e9rez Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orcasitas Health Care Center","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Mart\u00edn Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polibea Concert","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Hurtado Gallar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orcasitas Health Care Center","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"S\u00e1nchez Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orcasitas Health Care Center","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"S\u00e1nchez Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orcasitas Health Care Center","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Inmaculada","family":"Mart\u00ednez Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orcasitas Health Care Center","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orcasitas Health Care Center","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juana","family":"Marcos Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNAD Group Manager, Orcasitas Health Care Center","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Carmen","family":"Cubero Sobrados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orcasitas Health Care Center","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Fl\u00f3rez Busto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orcasitas Health Care Center","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asunci\u00f3n","family":"Garc\u00eda Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orcasitas Health Care Center","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Alonso Serna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orcasitas Health Care Center","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annly Luzmila","family":"V\u00e1squez Alay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orcasitas Health Care Center","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional evaluation: the Barthel index","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney","year":"1965","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-3743.2007.00074.x","article-title":"A comparative review of the Katz ADL and the Barthel index in assessing the activities of daily living of older people","volume":"2","author":"Hartigan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Older People Nursing"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"100","article-title":"The stroke rehabilitation outcome study: part II. 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