{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:01:16Z","timestamp":1792598476496,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) during pregnancy and the puerperium is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. While neurological and functional outcomes have been increasingly studied, the burden of anxiety and depression after CVST in pregnant and postpartum women remains poorly characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant and postpartum women diagnosed with CVST at a tertiary referral center. Anxiety and depression were assessed at 3 months after CVST using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24). Functional outcome was evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge. Associations between functional disability and affective symptoms were examined using linear regression models treating HAMA, HAMD-24, and mRS as continuous variables, with minimal and full adjustment for clinically relevant covariates and overlapping comorbidities, stratified by perinatal phase (antepartum vs. postpartum) with a formal mRS\u202f\u00d7\u202fphase interaction test, and supported by heteroscedasticity-consistent (HC3) robust standard errors, regression diagnostics, and rank-based Spearman correlation analyses as assumption-free sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 115 eligible patients (43 antepartum-onset, 72 postpartum-onset), symptoms of anxiety and depression were common at 3\u202fmonths after CVST. The mean HAMA score was 14.9 (SD 12.0), and the mean HAMD-24 score was 15.9 (SD 12.3). Moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression were observed in 43.2 and 37.8% of patients, respectively. A worse functional outcome at discharge was strongly associated with higher anxiety and depression scores. In fully adjusted models, each one-point increase in mRS was associated with an 8.4-point increase in HAMA (95% CI 7.0\u20139.7) and a 7.3-point increase in HAMD-24 (95% CI 5.8\u20138.7, both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). The dose\u2013response relationship was directionally consistent across antepartum and postpartum subgroups (interaction\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.075 for HAMA, 0.897 for HAMD-24), and was confirmed by Spearman correlations (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.75 for HAMA, 0.68 for HAMD-24; both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent following pregnancy- and puerperium-related CVST and are closely linked to functional disability at discharge. Early functional outcome may serve as a pragmatic marker to identify patients at high risk of affective disorders, highlighting the need for integrated neurological and mental health follow-up in this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1833585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:42:24Z","timestamp":1781239344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anxiety and depression after pregnancy-related cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: associations with functional disability at discharge"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiangShan","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital Department of Neurology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Juan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1161\/str.0000000000000456","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"55","author":"Saposnik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.4103\/bc.bc_50_22","article-title":"Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in pregnancy and puerperium: a comprehensive review","volume":"8","author":"Algahtani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Circ"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-019-0988-x","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis: an update","volume":"19","author":"Ferro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci 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