{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:07:09Z","timestamp":1793304429524,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n A review of antibiotic resistance and pathogen detection in six key clinical departments of our hospital was conducted between 2020 and 2024. Future hospital-acquired infection prevention, control strategies, and targeted medicine administration in relevant departments can be based on this study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We performed a retrospective analysis of bacterial isolates collected from six clinical departments in our hospital over the past 5\u202fyears, focusing on the number, distribution, and changing trends in antibiotic resistance rates among common infections.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n 22,201 pathogenic bacterial strains were found in six departments over 5\u202fyears.\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n was the most common pathogen in the Intensive Care Unit.\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine;\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n in Hematology;\n Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n in Pediatrics;\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n in Orthopedics;\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n in Neurosurgery. While\n Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n showed increasing trends, the proportion of\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n among annually detected pathogens showed downward annual fluctuations (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05 for both); no significant linear variations were seen in prominent pathogens across other departments. The multidrug resistance rates of\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n remained consistently high.\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n showed aberrant oscillations in amikacin resistance (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.001) and significantly elevated resistance to cefotaxime and levofloxacin.\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n continued to exhibit low-to-moderate resistance rates to three antibiotics, with no discernible trends (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&gt;\u202f0.05).\n Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n showed no resistance to ofloxacin or cefotaxime. The Intensive Care Unit had the highest resistance burden (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f\u2264\u202f0.002). The departments of Hematology, Neurosurgery, Orthopedics, and Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine are at an intermediate level; Pediatrics has the lowest burden of drug resistance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The distribution of infectious pathogens in our hospital varies significantly by department. The associated antibiotic resistance profiles reveal a considerable burden in high-risk departments, and some resistance patterns are worsening over time. These findings point to an urgent need for targeted, department-specific antimicrobial stewardship and infection control strategies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1836417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:46:35Z","timestamp":1781156795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance trends among dominant pathogens in six clinical departments of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 2020\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wentao","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University\/Liuzhou Workers\u2019 Hospital","place":["Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieyu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University\/Liuzhou Workers\u2019 Hospital","place":["Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhougui","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University\/Liuzhou Workers\u2019 Hospital","place":["Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.07.010","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a concise update","volume":"6","author":"Ho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118188","article-title":"Potential next generation targets for antibacterial agent's discovery and development","volume":"301","author":"Gupta","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0226023","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02260-23","article-title":"A global view on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"14","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2023","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s44280-025-00092-0","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical isolates from hospitals across China: Chinet 2024 surveillance report","volume":"3","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"One Health Adv"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11483-4","article-title":"Forecasting antimicrobial resistance in China using a hybrid Arima-gm(1,1) model","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0001232","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001232","article-title":"Prevalence, drivers and surveillance of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use in rural China: interdisciplinary study","volume":"3","author":"Lambert","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13326-9","article-title":"Department-specific patterns of bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance in hospital indoor environments","volume":"108","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.10.003","article-title":"Analysing pathogenic bacterial Spectrum and drug resistance of bloodstream infection in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"42","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"S752","article-title":"Frequency and clinical spectrum of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as a significant nosocomial pathogen in intensive care unit patients","volume":"33","author":"Sana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2017.12.002","article-title":"Collection, transport and general processing of clinical specimens in microbiology laboratory","volume":"37","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Romero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.16718\/j.1009-7708.2025.02.012","article-title":"Surveillance of bacterial resistance in Liuzhou workers\u2019 hospital, Guangxi from 2020 to 2022","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlab092","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab092","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u0392-lactamases: an update on their characteristics, epidemiology and detection","volume":"3","author":"Castanheira","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-024-1074-6","article-title":"Trajectory of COVID-19 response and management strategy in China: scientific rationale driven strategy adjustments","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0291633","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0291633","article-title":"Dynamic evolution of policy mix in response to COVID-19: practice from China","volume":"18","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-023-00375-w","article-title":"Dynamic zero-COVID policy and healthcare utilization patterns in China during the Shanghai COVID-19 omicron outbreak","volume":"3","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345968","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2024.2345968","article-title":"China\u2019s policies: post-COVID-19 challenges for the older population","volume":"17","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2023.01303","article-title":"Immunity debt: hospitals need to be prepared in advance for multiple respiratory diseases that tend to co-occur","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27377","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27377","article-title":"Immunity debt associated with increased immunological reactions of M. pneumoniae pneumonia in children after the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"60","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0000000000004314","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis before and after COVID-19 pandemic: has the immunity debt been paid off?","volume":"43","author":"Nenna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14080796","article-title":"Evolution of respiratory pathogens and antimicrobial resistance over the COVID-19 timeline: a study of hospitalized and ambulatory patient populations","volume":"14","author":"De La Motte","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10081006","article-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii infections in times of COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"Rangel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030410","article-title":"Dissemination of clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolate to hospital environment during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Pustijanac","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39979","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39979","article-title":"Evidence-based interventions to reduce the incidence of common multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in an adult intensive care unit","volume":"15","author":"Althaqafi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2022.e01504","article-title":"A look at the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on neurosurgical services and residency training","volume":"19","author":"Kuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Afr"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0257921","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02579-21","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility survey of invasive Haemophilus Influenzae in the United States in 2016","volume":"10","author":"Potts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectrum"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08930-5","article-title":"First global report about the prevalence of multi-drug resistant Haemophilus influenzae: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Abavisani","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2023-006","article-title":"Characterization of serotypes and molecular drug resistance patterns of Haemophilus influenzae in Kunming children","volume":"72","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pol J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.04005-14","article-title":"Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates","volume":"59","author":"Puig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03703.x","article-title":"Eucast expert rules in antimicrobial susceptibility testing","volume":"19","author":"Leclercq","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01677-07","article-title":"Distribution of conjugative-plasmid-mediated 16s Rrna methylase genes among amikacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in 1995 to 1998 and 2001 to 2006 at a university hospital in South Korea and identification of conjugative plasmids mediating dissemination of 16s Rrna methylase","volume":"46","author":"Kang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.04.014","article-title":"In vitro activity of polymyxin B in combination with meropenem, amikacin and gentamicin against Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates co-harbouring aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, Bla(Ndm-1) and Bla(Kpc-2)","volume":"22","author":"Firmo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569004","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1569004","article-title":"Molecular and epidemiological characterization of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in Huaian, China (2022-2024): a retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Lian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960100615","article-title":"Control of nosocomial multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae using a temporary restrictive antibiotic agent policy","volume":"20","author":"Leverstein-van Hall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29635","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000029635","article-title":"Intravenous plus intraventricular tigecycline-amikacin therapy for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ventriculitis: a case report","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1836417\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:46:40Z","timestamp":1781156800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1836417\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1836417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1836417","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"article-number":"1836417"}}