{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T06:07:05Z","timestamp":1788934025450,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the public to adopt health promoting behaviors widely, there has to be sufficient trust in the institutions that disseminate information on protective behaviors. However, when members of the public lose trust in formal information sources, many seek information from informal information sources. Identifying trusted informal messengers is key to restore trust and effectively promote public health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted repeat surveys with young adults and older adults living in New York City public housing to assess who they consider a trusted source of COVID-19 information, as well as their protective behavior practices across a period of five\u202fweeks. We then examined the association between trusted sources and participant behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants in both age groups showed the highest trust in doctors or healthcare providers. Associations with protective behavior existed across multiple information sources, but strongest associations for both age groups were seen in relation to trusting one\u2019s faith leader for information.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although other sources of information were more frequently cited as trustworthy by participants, trust in one\u2019s faith leader was the strongest predictor of protective behavior practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1838172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:41:30Z","timestamp":1788932490000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between trusted sources of information and COVID-19 protective behaviors: results from a longitudinal survey of adults living in New York City during the pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Gill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna E.","family":"Thorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Shelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Policy and Management, NYU School of Global Public Health","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Center for Healthful Behavior Change, NYU Grossman School of Medicine","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101062","article-title":"A cross-sectional analysis of trust of information and COVID-19 preventative practices among people with disabilities","volume":"14","author":"Ipsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13731-7","article-title":"Learning about COVID-19: sources of information, public trust, and contact tracing during the pandemic","volume":"22","author":"Amara","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37846","DOI":"10.2196\/37846","article-title":"Public health information seeking, trust, and COVID-19 prevention behaviors: cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Tetteh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.01204","article-title":"Trust in US federal, state, and local public health agencies during COVID-19: responses and policy implications","volume":"42","author":"SteelFisher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291721001306","article-title":"Trust in government regarding COVID-19 and its associations with preventive health behaviour and prosocial behaviour during the pandemic: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study","volume":"53","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"America\u2019s Crisis of Confidence: Rising Mistrust, Conspiracies, and Vaccine Hesitancy After COVID-19","author":"Cox","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Americans\u2019 Trust in Scientists, Other Groups Declines","author":"Kennedy BT","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1162\/daed_a_01944","article-title":"Trust in medicine, the health system and public health","volume":"151","author":"Blendon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Daedalus"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20231031","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11111668","article-title":"Information consumption, trust dynamics and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among older adults: implications for health messaging","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115867","article-title":"How Trust in Information Sources Influences Preventative Measures Compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Maykrantz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000169","article-title":"The role of public trust during pandemics: implications for crisis communication","volume":"19","author":"Siegrist","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Psychol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484473","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1484473","article-title":"COVID-19 testing experiences and attitudes among young adults and socially isolated older adults living in public housing, New York City (2022)","volume":"13","author":"Gill","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0262097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262097","article-title":"Trust in COVID-19 information sources and perceived risk among smokers: a nationally representative survey","volume":"17","author":"Reynolds","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22060","DOI":"10.2196\/22060","article-title":"Association between public knowledge about COVID-19, trust in information sources, and adherence to social distancing: cross-sectional survey","volume":"6","author":"Fridman","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1177\/08901171241240529","article-title":"Trusted sources of information and COVID-19 vaccination among black adults in Chicago","volume":"38","author":"Hirschtick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2023.2245373","article-title":"Trust in COVID-19 information from different media types and its association with preventive measures adoption in the U.S","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-022-01109-0","article-title":"Understanding the \"sometimes masker\": political orientation and trust in the media during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"47","author":"Hariharan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648692","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.648692","article-title":"Mask wearing as cultural behavior: an investigation across 45 U.S. states during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Kemmelmeier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114677","article-title":"Different roles of interpersonal trust and institutional trust in COVID-19 pandemic control","volume":"293","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.114765","article-title":"Commentary on \"different roles of interpersonal trust and institutional trust in COVID-19 pandemic control\"","volume":"299","author":"Stefaniak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20230519","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1183234","article-title":"Bridging science and spirituality: the intersection of religion and public health in the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"14","author":"Ayub","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2020.1772988","article-title":"Modeling compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines: the critical role of trust in science","volume":"26","author":"Plohl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.04.006","article-title":"The role of religion and COVID-19 vaccine uptake in England","volume":"42","author":"Ejnar Hansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000717","article-title":"Religion and reactance to COVID-19 mitigation guidelines","volume":"76","author":"DeFranza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20230727","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1163617","article-title":"Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in a US\/Mexico border community: demographics, previous influenza vaccination, and trusted sources of health information","volume":"11","author":"Lomeli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1017\/S104909652200004X","article-title":"The messenger matters: religious leaders and overcoming COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy","volume":"55","author":"Viskupi\u010d","year":"2022","journal-title":"PS Polit Sci Polit"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22010048","article-title":"Exploring the roles of trust, attitudes, and motivations in COVID-19 decision-making and vaccination likelihood: insights from the Louisiana community engagement Alliance (LA-CEAL) community-academic-public health-practice (CAPP) partnership","volume":"22","author":"Williams","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S887","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2022.306981","article-title":"COVID-19 testing in African American churches using a faith-health academic partnership","volume":"112","author":"Berkley-Patton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S274","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2019.305275","article-title":"CDC engagement with community and faith-based organizations in public health emergencies","volume":"109","author":"Santiba\u00f1ez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/FCH.0b013e31828e671c","article-title":"Leading their flocks to health? Clergy health and the role of clergy in faith-based health promotion interventions","volume":"36","author":"Bopp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fam Community Health"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"S15","article-title":"Effectiveness of adult vaccination programs in faith-based organizations","volume":"17","author":"Daniels","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2018.304939","article-title":"We've come this far by faith: the role of the black Church in Public Health","volume":"109","author":"Brewer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2018.304941","article-title":"Partnerships between public health agencies and faith communities","volume":"109","author":"Idler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"A07","article-title":"The effect of two church-based interventions on breast cancer screening rates among Medicaid-insured Latinas","volume":"2","author":"Welsh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11020449","article-title":"The role of faith-based organizations in improving Vaccination Confidence & Addressing Vaccination Disparities to help improve vaccine uptake: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Syed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-020-01031-6","article-title":"Love of neighbor during a pandemic: navigating the competing goods of religious gatherings and physical health","volume":"59","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Relig Health"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-012-9645-z","article-title":"Resources and interest among faith based organizations for influenza vaccination programs","volume":"15","author":"Bond","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1838172\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:41:32Z","timestamp":1788932492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1838172\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1838172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1838172","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"article-number":"1838172"}}