{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T06:20:21Z","timestamp":1783059621525,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anesthesiologists play a critical role in healthcare system, yet the overall working conditions of anesthesiologists in China remain unclear. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive national assessment of this workforce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An open nationwide, cross-sectional, non-probability sampling survey focusing on working conditions, clinical practice and career challenges of anesthesiologists across China was conducted by Chinese Society of Anesthesiology from June 2022 to February 2023. The questionnaire was distributed via WeChat online platform to anesthesiology practitioners across all healthcare tiers and diverse regions of mainland China. Data were analyzed and visualized using R software. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with resignation intention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 30,255 participants from 5,808 medical institutions were included in the analysis, with females accounting for 47.28%. Overall, 16.29% of participants reported resignation intention. Regression analyses identified significant associations between resignation intention and service years, weekly work hours, daily anesthesia caseload, annual income, sleep quality, smoking, alcohol, and exercise frequency. A majority (62.72%) participants reported weekly meaningful work accomplishment, while 50.4% reported weekly work overload, and 30.1% experienced weekly work-induced exhaustion. In addition, 82.12% of participants never treated patients with indifference. Overall, 56.27% reported job satisfaction. Chinese anesthesiologists exhibited high self-reported clinical quality and efficacy, with low rate of adverse events (2.99%). Medical disputes (7.44%) and physical violence (4.91%) were rare, while 35.32% reported experiencing verbal violence from patients. The primary barrier to professional title promotion was paper publication (62.81%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite demonstrating high clinical quality and professional fulfillment, Chinese anesthesiologists face substantial challenges including heavy workloads, occupational burnout, and career advancement barriers. These findings provide critical insights for targeted interventions and inform evidence-based policy-making to ensure a sustainable, high-quality anesthesia workforce in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1846157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:39:57Z","timestamp":1783057197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anesthesiologists in China: a nationwide cross-sectional survey of working conditions, clinical practice, and career challenges"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yixun","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changsheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an","place":["Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuecai","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huikai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Nankai University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangbei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuguang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001791","article-title":"The burden of peri-operative work at night as perceived by anaesthesiologists: an international survey","volume":"40","author":"Cortegiani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur j Anaesth."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001923","article-title":"Fatigue among anaesthesiologists in Europe: findings from a joint EBA\/NASC survey","volume":"41","author":"Camilleri Podesta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesth."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002258","article-title":"The WFSA global anesthesia workforce survey","volume":"125","author":"Kempthorne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004784","article-title":"Attending anesthesiologist burnout in the postpandemic Era","volume":"140","author":"Afonso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000002110","article-title":"Anaesthesia practice in Europe: a survey of the national anaesthesiologists societies committee of the European society of anaesthesiology and intensive care","volume":"42","author":"Pinelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesth."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100166","article-title":"Anaesthesiology in China: a cross-sectional survey of the current status of anaesthesiology departments","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health-West Pac."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555141","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1555141","article-title":"Correlation between job burnout, psychological status, and job satisfaction among anesthesiologists in the post-COVID-19 era: a cross-sectional study in China","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.01.031","article-title":"Experiences and perceptions of working with anaesthesia associates: a survey of UK anaesthetists in training","volume":"132","author":"Evans","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brit J Anaesth."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000774","article-title":"History of anaesthesia: nurse anaesthesia practice in the G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America)","volume":"35","author":"Tenedios","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesth."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002776","article-title":"Chinese anesthesiologists have high burnout and low job satisfaction: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"126","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006298","article-title":"Burnout among Chinese anesthesiologists after the COVID-19 pandemic peak: a national survey","volume":"137","author":"Che","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anesth Analg."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.09.032","article-title":"Overfatigue amongst Chinese anaesthesiologists from 2017 to 2019","volume":"126","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brit J Anaesth."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815241306000","article-title":"The occupational hazards of anesthesiologists: a literature review and evidence-based approach to prevention","volume":"81","author":"Vega","year":"2025","journal-title":"Work."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006478","article-title":"Public knowledge and awareness of anesthesiology and anesthesiologists in China: a cross-sectional national survey of 1 million participants","volume":"138","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesth Analg."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44265","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44265","article-title":"Public knowledge and perception of anesthesia, anesthesiologists' expertise, and their role among Saudi citizens residing in Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Almutairi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus J Med Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s44254-025-00142-1","article-title":"Anesthesiology practices in China: an updated nationwide cross-sectional survey","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Perioper Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.14194","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of anesthesia medical staff's occupational and health status in nongovernment medical institutions in China","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140552","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1140552","article-title":"Burnout and job stress of anesthesiologists in the tertiary class a hospitals in Northwest China: a cross-sectional design","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399857","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1399857","article-title":"Optimization path of primary public health service talent team construction: a largescale survey in Huaihai economic zone, China","volume":"12","author":"Ni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1177\/00912174241262120","article-title":"Calcium and vitamin D supplements and burnout in anesthesiologists: a national cross-sectional study from China","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Psychiat Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14819","article-title":"A national survey of out-of-hours working and fatigue in consultants in anaesthesia and paediatric intensive care in the UK and Ireland","volume":"74","author":"McClelland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003722","article-title":"Burnout rate and risk factors among anesthesiologists in the United States","volume":"134","author":"Afonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2018.11.40449","article-title":"Why residents quit: national rates of and reasons for attrition among emergency medicine physicians in training","volume":"20","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318201cf92","article-title":"Burnout in anesthesiology: a call to action","volume":"114","author":"Shanafelt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky117","article-title":"Satisfaction of physicians working in hospitals within the European Union: state of the evidence based on systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Domagala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001585","article-title":"Burnout in anaesthesiology residents: a systematic review of its prevalence and stressors","volume":"39","author":"Chong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesth."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.16.11379-3","article-title":"Burnout syndrome and wellbeing in anesthesiologists: the importance of emotion regulation strategies","volume":"83","author":"Lapa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-020-00802-w","article-title":"Pilot study on subjectively and objectively measurable stress reduction in the daily routine of a university anesthesia department by an intervention program according to mindfulness-based stress reduction","volume":"69","author":"Gerber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesist."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110192","article-title":"Interactive anesthesiology educational program improves wellness for anesthesiologists and their children","volume":"70","author":"Jung","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1846157\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:39:58Z","timestamp":1783057198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1846157\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1846157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1846157","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"article-number":"1846157"}}