{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T05:55:25Z","timestamp":1781502925664,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic revealed a stark governance paradox in China: some resource-rich cities experienced governance failures, while relatively resource-scarce cities achieved effective control. This phenomenon challenges traditional linear resource determinism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To deconstruct this complexity, this study applies the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and employs fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), a configurational method capturing asymmetric causal relations, couple with Bootstrap analysis. Using data from 23 key Chinese cities from 2020 to 2022, we explore the conditions driving urban pandemic control performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis identifies two distinct patterns leading to high performance. First, the \u201cdigital empowerment under resource constraints\u201d pattern reveals that in resource-scarce contexts, digital governance capacity plays a core compensatory role, empowering prevention efforts despite material deficiencies. Second, the \u201cholistic social synergy under resource abundance\u201d pattern demonstrates that in resource-rich cities, effective resident wellbeing is the primary driver. Notably, digital governance assumes only a peripheral role in this configuration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings confirm that no single factor guarantees success; rather, performance depends on the alignment of governance strategies with local resource endowments. This study advises city managers to prioritize digital infrastructure in resource-scarce areas while focusing on social trust maintenance in affluent regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1849206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T05:37:14Z","timestamp":1781501834000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What drives urban pandemic control performance in China? 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