{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T05:47:43Z","timestamp":1782712063767,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a prevalent issue among facial plastic surgeons and rhinologists, largely due to the physically demanding and intricate nature of their work. These professionals often face prolonged periods of awkward postures, repetitive movements, and the need for precise, sustained focus, all of which contribute to the development of musculoskeletal problems over time. The frequent need for prolonged periods of precise movements and static postures during surgeries increases the risk of developing musculoskeletal issues.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The study aimed to assess the frequency of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among facial plastic surgeons and rhinologists. The study identified the key risk factors contributing to the development of these disorders and gained insight into how WMSDs affect the daily practice and overall performance of these surgical professionals.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional survey-based study was done in a 6-month period, from June to November 2023. The research utilized a specially designed questionnaire, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). This tailored survey allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of musculoskeletal health, targeting the specific challenges faced by facial plastic surgeons and rhinologists in their daily practice. After getting informed consent, a questionnaire was distributed to 54 rhinologists and facial plastic surgeons during a scientific meeting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The study included a total of 54 surgeons, with an average age of 47.4\u202fyears (\u00b1 7.95). The majority of participants were male (79.6%), while female surgeons made up 20.4% of the sample. Notably, 72.2% of the respondents reported spending over 10\u202fh per week in the operating room, with 33.0% logging more than 15\u202fh of surgical time weekly. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) were reported by 90.7% of otolaryngologists surveyed. The most common activity restriction was due to lower back (16.7%), neck (16.7%), shoulders (14.8%), and wrist\/hand difficulties (11.1%). The most frequent cause for visiting a physician (13%) was lower back problems; the least common reasons were knees (3.7%) and wrists\/hands (3.7%). Gender differences were noted, with a higher percentage of men reporting activity restrictions due to musculoskeletal issues (87.2% vs. 12.8%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Facial plastic surgeons and rhinologists are frequently affected by WMSDs, particularly affecting the neck and the shoulder. Notably, our study revealed a concerning disconnect between ergonomic awareness and practice: while 25.9% of surgeons were aware of ergonomic principles, only 13% implemented them. This substantial gap underscores an urgent need for comprehensive ergonomic training programs and systematic implementation of ergonomic practices in otolaryngology training curricula and surgical departments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1850408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T05:39:03Z","timestamp":1782711543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among facial plastic surgeons and rhinologists"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Feras","family":"Alkholaiwi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Yun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine","place":["Gwangju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2017.01.013","article-title":"Assessing work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among otolaryngology residents","volume":"38","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2014.03.013","article-title":"Musculoskeletal occupational injury among surgeons: effects for patients, providers, and institutions","volume":"189","author":"Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-005-0219-1","article-title":"Injuries sustained by colorectal surgeons performing colonoscopy","volume":"19","author":"Liberman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-017-1106-5","article-title":"A survey of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among otolaryngologists","volume":"69","author":"Dabholkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215119001452","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms in otorhinolaryngology and their relationship with physical activity: a nationwide survey","volume":"133","author":"Lobo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26859","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among otolaryngologists by subspecialty: a national survey","volume":"128","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2013.0654","article-title":"Ergonomics in endourology and laparoscopy: an overview of musculoskeletal problems in urology","volume":"28","author":"Tjiam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4293\/JSLS.2014.00166","article-title":"Feasibility and acceptance of a robotic surgery ergonomic training program","volume":"18","author":"Franasiak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Soc Laparoendosc Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116001006","article-title":"Occupational musculoskeletal pain amongst ENT surgeons - 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