{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T06:06:08Z","timestamp":1784786768235,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mind\u2013body practices are increasingly used in public health promotion and cross-cultural communication, yet comparative evidence on how different practices are disseminated remains limited. This study used a sequential mixed-methods design to compare yoga, a mature transnational practice, with Wuqinxi (Five Animal Frolics), a traditional Chinese practice that has also gained international recognition but remains more regionally concentrated in its grassroots practice. Semi-structured interviews with yoga studio managers, a Wuqinxi inheritor, and practitioners informed questionnaire development and interpretation; the quantitative phase analyzed 389 valid survey responses from yoga (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u202f210) and Wuqinxi (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u202f179) practitioners through regression, mediation, and moderation models guided by Lasswell\u2019s 5W framework. Content diversity showed the largest positive association with dissemination effectiveness (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u202f0.6464), followed by instructor professionalism (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u202f0.5222), venue facilities (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u202f0.3706), and channel modernization (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u202f0.1793). Practitioners\u2019 consumption behavior served as a partial statistical mediator, with direct pathways accounting for 81% of the instructor effect, 79% of the content effect, 60% of the venue effect, and 51% of the channel effect. Exercise type moderated the associations for instructor professionalism, content diversity, and channel modernization: corresponding coefficients were stronger for Wuqinxi than for yoga, whereas venue-facility moderation was unsupported. The main contribution is a bounded 5W-based comparison showing that Wuqinxi dissemination may benefit most from professionalized instruction, diversified content, and modern communication channels, while consumption behavior serves as a limited statistical mediator of engagement. This contributes to cross-cultural communication research by revealing how a transnational practice and an indigenous practice differ in dissemination mechanisms, offering a transferable framework for comparing health communication across cultural contexts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1850942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:38:48Z","timestamp":1784785128000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Propagating wellness: understanding the communication mechanisms of yoga and Wuqinxi (five animal frolics) via Lasswell\u2019s 5W framework"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Foreign Languages, Anqing Normal University","place":["Anqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Anqing Normal University","place":["Anqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Anqing Normal University","place":["Anqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31992-5","article-title":"NCD countdown 2030: worldwide trends in non-communicable disease mortality and progress towards sustainable development goal target 3.4","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-025-02592-x","article-title":"Half a century of research for mind\u2013body interventions: a scientometric analysis","volume":"16","author":"Sab\u00e9","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33260","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033260","article-title":"Effect of health education-based yoga & naturopathy lifestyle interventions on personality of patients with non-communicable diseases: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"102","author":"Tewani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406937","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1406937","article-title":"Yoga as a therapeutic approach to mental health in university students: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Castellote-Caballero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12562","DOI":"10.1111\/opn.12562","article-title":"Effects of yoga on physical and psychological health among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Ko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Older People Nursing"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4103\/CMAC.CMAC_32_18","article-title":"Hua Tuo\u2019s Wu Qin xi (five animal frolics) movements and the logic behind it","volume":"1","author":"Balaneskovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin Med Cult"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003043270-12","volume-title":"Healthy Ageing in Asia","author":"Yu","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3235950","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3235950","article-title":"Beneficial effects of qigong Wuqinxi in the improvement of health condition, prevention, and treatment of chronic diseases: evidence from a systematic review","volume":"2018","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347201","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1347201","article-title":"Evidence map of traditional Chinese exercises","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8833736","article-title":"The feasibility and positive effects of Wuqinxi exercise on the cognitive and motor functions of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot study","volume":"2021","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979207","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.979207","article-title":"Effect of Wu Qin xi exercises on pain and function in people with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28046","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028046","article-title":"Community promotion and application of Wuqinxi combined with brief behavioral therapy for insomnia: a study protocol","volume":"100","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428246","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1428246","article-title":"Effects of Wuqinxi in the patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"2020","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590557","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S590557","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of different traditional Chinese exercises in the treatment of chronic non-specific low Back pain: a Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071005","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1071005","article-title":"The role and regulation mechanism of Chinese traditional fitness exercises on the bone and cartilage tissue in patients with osteoporosis: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2026.102613","article-title":"Add-on effects of five-animal exercise in ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"82","author":"Pang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Integr Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290471","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1290471","article-title":"Exploring the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine exercise in alleviating anxiety and depression in older adults: a comprehensive study with randomized controlled trial and network meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4103\/jin.jin_03_20","article-title":"A nursing study on five-animal frolics in improving anxiety and depression of inpatients","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Integr Nurs"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6937158","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6937158","article-title":"Five-animal frolics exercise improves anxiety and depression outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease: a single-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"2020","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.13517\/j.cnki.ccm.2026.01.010","article-title":"Research progress on traditional Chinese medicine exercises for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chin J Conv Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.28991\/ESJ-2025-SIED1-013","article-title":"Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among students with learning disabilities","volume":"9","author":"Al-Shekaili","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg Sci J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.28991\/ESJ-2024-SIED1-015","article-title":"Using motion-graphic media to educate higher education students about depression: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Chookerd","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg Sci J"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"13","article-title":"Research on the practical value of health qigong Wuqinxi from the perspective of healthy China","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Perspective"},{"key":"ref25","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref26","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Commun Ideas","author":"Lasswell","year":"1948"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"McQuail\u2019s Mass Communication Theory","author":"McQuail","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"99","article-title":"\u201cYoga here, yoga there, yoga everywhere\u201d: a cultural study of yoga in contemporary society","volume":"44","author":"Siegel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scripta Ethnol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/1470593116659786","article-title":"Legitimation of hybrid cultural products: the case of American yoga","volume":"17","author":"Coskuner-Balli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mark Theory"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719012","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2021.719012","article-title":"A study on the attention of yoga and its development based on complex network theory","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Phys"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"190","article-title":"A study on the inheritance of Hua Tuo\u2019s Wu Qin xi","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Culture Guide"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"64","article-title":"Research on the promotion strategy of Wuqinxi based on internet platforms","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports World"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17761\/2022-D-21-00040","article-title":"The yoga instructor beliefs scales epistemic (YIBS-E) and pedagogic (YIBS-P): development and initial assessment of the factor structure","volume":"32","author":"Reeves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Yoga Ther"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2021.101509","article-title":"Yoga instructors\u2019 reported benefits and disadvantages associated with functioning online: a convenience sampling survey","volume":"46","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22095","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49388-4","article-title":"Examining the rural\u2013urban differentials in yoga and mindfulness practices among middle-aged and older adults in India: secondary analysis of a national representative survey","volume":"13","author":"Sahoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2020.102617","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of yogic breathing and meditation use\u2013a nationally representative survey of US adult yoga practitioners","volume":"56","author":"Schr\u00f6ter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-015-9618-5","article-title":"Who practices yoga? A systematic review of demographic, health-related, and psychosocial factors associated with yoga practice","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101262","article-title":"Yoga not a (physical) culture for men? Understanding the barriers for yoga participation among men","volume":"42","author":"Cagas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2025.102602","article-title":"Antenatal yoga in Bangladesh: pregnant women\u2019s knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers to practice","volume":"81","author":"Karim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Integr Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-020-02240-9","article-title":"The association of Sudarshan Kriya yoga frequency with sleep quality: a cross-sectional study from Singapore","volume":"25","author":"Sloan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"624","article-title":"Yoga, wellness, and the global market: tracing the welfare economy through tourism","volume":"2","author":"Sahu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sanatanodaya"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/20511817.2018.1560693","article-title":"The yoga industry: a conscious luxury experience in the transformation economy","volume":"5","author":"Mora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Luxury"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoy.ijoy_137_22","article-title":"Smart yoga instructor for guiding and correcting yoga postures in real time","volume":"15","author":"Kishore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11040609","article-title":"Deep learning-based yoga posture recognition using the y_pn-mssd model for yoga practitioners","volume":"11","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoy.ijoy_97_22","article-title":"Estimation of yoga postures using machine learning techniques","volume":"15","author":"Kishore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10040459","article-title":"Yoga meets intelligent internet of things: recent challenges and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Pal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.19554\/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.24.042","article-title":"Digital interactive design and public communication of Hua Tuo\u2019s Wu Qin xi driven by artificial intelligence","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Packag Eng"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10122507","article-title":"Eight-element communication model for internet health rumors: a new exploration of lasswell\u2019s \u201c5W communication model\u201d","volume":"10","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.5901\/jesr.2015.v5n3p245","article-title":"Analysis of new media communication based on Lasswell\u2019s \u201c5W\u201d model","volume":"5","author":"Wenxiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Educ Soc Res"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315164441-4","volume-title":"Advances in Foundational mass Communication Theories","author":"Sapienza","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.1104","article-title":"Diffusion of innovations theory, principles, and practice","volume":"37","author":"Dearing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1322","article-title":"Evaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions: the RE-AIM framework","volume":"89","author":"Glasgow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref55","volume-title":"How to Build social Science Theories","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"50","article-title":"The digital communication strategy of the Ministry of Health of C\u00f4te D'ivoire in the fight against COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"Landry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Appl Res"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2021.1954127","article-title":"New media platform\u2019s understanding of Chinese social workers\u2019 anti-epidemic actions: an analysis of network public opinion based on COVID-19","volume":"36","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc Work Public Health"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104131","article-title":"The moderating effects of 5W-based elements on rumor refutation strategies on social media during public health emergency: a case study of COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"62","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inf Process Manag"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"256","article-title":"5W communication model in community health education research","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhejiang J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"161","article-title":"Communication research of WeChat official accounts based on the 5W model: a case study of Dingxiang doctor","volume":"3","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Media Forum"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.24014\/ittizaan.v6i2.30747","article-title":"Media usage of Facebook in the health promotion programme of Puskesmas","volume":"6","author":"Saputra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Al-Ittizaan: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"34","article-title":"Research on the communication path of Chinese martial arts culture under the background of \u201cbelt and road\u201d","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Martial Arts Res"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.16698\/j.hpu(social.sciences).1673-9779.2025.02.014","article-title":"Research on the 5W mode of Taichi digital communication: taking Douyin as an example","volume":"26","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Henan Univ Technol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1080\/1461670X.2022.2075785","article-title":"Sports journalism\u2019s uncertain future: navigating the current media ecosystem in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"23","author":"Gentile","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Stud"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2001.11868246","article-title":"Analysis of instructoring behavior","volume":"1","author":"Franks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Perform Anal Sport"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429340314","volume-title":"China's Non-state Soft Power Actors: Tai Chi, Traditional Culture, and the Practice of Public Diplomacy","author":"Zhang","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1836436.218","article-title":"The effects of body image, commitment, and attitude on behavior after purchase of Pilates consumers","volume":"14","author":"Roh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of exercise rehabilitation"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1441-3523(99)70087-2","article-title":"Increasing the focus on \u201cplace\u201d in the marketing mix for facilities dependent sport services","volume":"2","author":"Westerbeek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sport Manag Rev"},{"key":"ref69","year":""},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"31","article-title":"A comparative study on the dissemination models of Chinese martial arts and Korean taekwondo: based on Lasswell's \u201c5W\u201d model","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nanjing Sport Inst"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/11745398.2020.1843507","article-title":"Psychological aspects of three movement forms of eastern origin: a comparative study of aikido, judo and yoga","volume":"26","author":"Szabolcs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Leis Res"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545943","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1545943","article-title":"From contemplation to serenity: how yoga meditation improves the mental health of female college students?","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref73","volume-title":"Yoga Therapy as a Whole-Person Approach to Health","author":"Majewski","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"66","article-title":"Social and digital mass media impact on the perception of yoga","volume":"6","author":"Malenovi\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Sci Yoga J Sense"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2021.0062","article-title":"Satisfaction with online versus in-person yoga during COVID-19","volume":"27","author":"Brinsley","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12341","article-title":"Online Isha Upa yoga for student mental health and well-being during COVID-19: a randomized control trial","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Health Well Being"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1089\/jicm.2022.0712","article-title":"Not all yoga styles are the same: an international survey on characteristics of yoga classes","volume":"29","author":"Mandlik","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Integr Complement Med"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/13573322.2022.2027752","article-title":"What is there to learn from the open gym? Developing new pedagogical notions of sports by an empirical engagement with a DIY sports infrastructure","volume":"28","author":"van de Oudeweetering","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sport Educ Soc"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1177\/14695405211062063","article-title":"Between wellness and elegance: yoga consumption in China","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Consum Cult"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"key":"ref81","volume-title":"Health Communication Theory","author":"Thompson","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1850942\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:38:54Z","timestamp":1784785134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1850942\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1850942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1850942","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"article-number":"1850942"}}