{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:11:40Z","timestamp":1792606300247,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to provide the latest data on the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in cervical cancer and precancer at a single university hospital in Tokyo, Japan, between 2012 and 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cervical exfoliated cell specimens collected from 2,536 women with histologically confirmed, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2), CIN3, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma\n                      <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      (AIS), adenosquamous cell carcinoma (ASC), and adenocarcinoma (ADC), were tested by HPV L1 PCR followed by reverse blot hybridization for HPV genotyping.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, HPV positivity was 96.6%, with high detection rates in CIN2 (98.5%), CIN3 (98.2%), and SCC (96.1%), and slightly lower rates in ADC (78.3%). In squamous lesions, HPV16 infections were the most prevalent and increased progressively with lesion severity (33.2% in CIN2, 50.1% in CIN3, 61.7% in SCC). Prevalence ratio analysis demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of HPV16 in CIN3 versus CIN2 and in SCC versus CIN3, supporting its strong association with progression to invasive cancer. In contrast, HPV52 and HPV58 infections decreased with disease progression. In glandular lesions, HPV16 and HPV18 predominated across AIS, ASC, and ADC. Among ADC subtypes, usual-type ADC showed the highest HPV positivity (89.8%), whereas endometrioid, minimal deviation, serous, and clear-cell subtypes showed low or absent HPV positivity, highlighting the etiologic heterogeneity of ADC. Among single-type infection cases, the proportion of lesions attributable to vaccine-preventable types (HPV16\/18) increased with severity in squamous lesions (31.9% in CIN2 to 72.2% in SCC) and remained consistently high in glandular lesions (&amp;gt;94%). Regarding HPV16\/18\/31\/33\/45\/52\/58, potential coverage exceeded 87% in CIN2 and 92% in SCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings confirm the central role of HPV16 in cervical carcinogenesis, and highlight the contribution of HPV52 and HPV58 in precancerous lesions, which further underscores the need for the widespread adoption of the nonavalent vaccine in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1857364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T05:48:22Z","timestamp":1781243302000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer and precancer in Japan between 2012 and 2025: a retrospective single-center study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiichiro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamasa","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohsei","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Airi","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Yamagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwao","family":"Kukimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4424","article-title":"Are 20 human papillomavirus types causing cervical cancer?","volume":"234","author":"Arbyn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25396","article-title":"Human papillomavirus type distribution in 30,848 invasive cervical cancers worldwide: variation by geographical region, histological type and year of publication","volume":"128","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27485","article-title":"Human papillomavirus types in 115,789 HPV-positive women: a meta-analysis from cervical infection to cancer","volume":"131","author":"Guan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70230-8","article-title":"Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study","volume":"11","author":"de Sanjose","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01097-3","article-title":"Causal attribution of human papillomavirus genotypes to invasive cervical cancer worldwide: a systematic analysis of the global literature","volume":"404","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyu112","article-title":"Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2\/3 and invasive cervical cancer in Japanese women","volume":"44","author":"Azuma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.07.052","article-title":"Genotype prevalence and age distribution of human papillomavirus from infection to cervical cancer in Japanese women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Palmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2009.01161.x","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infections among Japanese women: age-related prevalence and type-specific risk for cervical cancer","volume":"100","author":"Onuki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13030","article-title":"Comparison of methods using paraffin-embedded tissues and exfoliated cervical cells to evaluate human papillomavirus genotype attribution","volume":"107","author":"Torii","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pvr.2018.10.001","article-title":"Single type infection of human papillomavirus as a cause for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cancer in Japan","volume":"6","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Papillomavirus Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14445","article-title":"Human papillomavirus genotype contribution to cervical cancer and precancer: implications for screening and vaccination in Japan","volume":"111","author":"Onuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2858","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29651","article-title":"Human papillomavirus prevalence and type-distribution in cervical glandular neoplasias: results from a European multinational epidemiological study","volume":"137","author":"Holl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2014.55","article-title":"HPV prevalence and genotypes in different histological subtypes of cervical adenocarcinoma, a worldwide analysis of 760 cases","volume":"27","author":"Pirog","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14406","article-title":"Corrected human papillomavirus vaccination rates for each birth fiscal year in Japan","volume":"111","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3811","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14212","article-title":"Reduction in HPV16\/18 prevalence among young women with high-grade cervical lesions following the Japanese HPV vaccination program","volume":"110","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4426","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15943","article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccine impact on invasive cervical cancer in Japan: preliminary results from cancer statistics and the MINT study","volume":"114","author":"Onuki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02681-z","article-title":"Predictable changes in the accuracy of human papillomavirus tests after vaccination: review with implications for performance monitoring in cervical screening","volume":"130","author":"Rebolj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00291-1","article-title":"Precancerous cervical lesions caused by non-vaccine-preventable HPV types after vaccination with the bivalent AS04-adjuvanted HPV vaccine: an analysis of the long-term follow-up study from the randomised Costa Rica HPV vaccine trial","volume":"23","author":"Shing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Public Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1857364\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T05:48:24Z","timestamp":1781243304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1857364\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1857364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1857364","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-2565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-2565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"article-number":"1857364"}}